INSULATED LABEL REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION ffWIfr This non-provisional application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/554,537, filed on March 19,2004.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
4MQ2] The present invention is directed to tasuiatod labeto jorj^ In particular, the present invention is directed to insulated labete that decreasethe rate ol warming or cooling of the contents of a package that has a temperature leas than or greater than ambient
2. Discussion of Related Art
(POM]- Soft drinks consumed by the public are served chlled in a variety of packaging materials of choice for a majority of beverage applications. The chilled nature of the beverage is important to the qualify of the beverage and the ultimate consumer experience. As chtted beverage packages are removed from the icebox or a refrigerator, and exposed to warmer temperatures in the process of consumption, the package and, hence, the beverage tends to absorb heat, resulting in an increase in temperature, which can reduce the quality of the taste of the beverage, possibly resulting in a negative consumer experience. Additionally, in the case of carbonated beverages, the beverage will go Hat" due to an increased loss in the carbon dioxide from the beverage once an opened package is exposed to the warmer temperatures. Similarly, certain foods and beverages are preferably served at a temperature warmer than ambient, and undergo an unacceptable cooling when exposed to a sufficiently low temperature.
-fMO*]-* U.S. Patent Application Publication NOB. 2003/0003249 and 2003/0207059 A1 to Benkn et al. disclose insulating label aiocka that include a thermal insulating layer, which may be a fiber-fill batt, and is laminated to at leaat one layer of Aim, paper or fabric. The applications disclose that the label stock can be wrapped
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around a container, such as a can, bottle or pouch, and may be coaled with a coating material, so that it Is printable, thereby imparting both insulating properties and print capability to a container. The disclosed label insulators have sufficient loft, typically greater than 0.0075 inch, to provide insulation for the container, but is reportedly thin enough to be easily wrapped around a container for use as label stock, providing a label that maintains the temperature of the contents of the container longer than the use of a standard label alone. The disclosed thermal insulating layer comprises an organic thermoplastic polyester, polyethylene or polypropylene fiber-based material, such as
polyester fiber-ffflbatt. A fiber-fill batt sold as THERMOLITE® Active Original by E.I.
du Pont de Nemours and Company is reportedly especially suitable. The disclosed ffoer-fiU batt has an area! weight in the range of 10 gm/n^to 200 gm/m2, and a bulk density of leas than 0.3 gm/cm3. Alternatively, the thermal insulating layer is formed
from melt blown fibers, such as melt blown polyolefins, sold as THINSULATE by3M.
■PHI01 Materials disclosed for use as the thermal insulating layer are polyurethane foams and other foam compositions known in the art, but not specifically disclosed, an inorganic thermoplastic Nflfoer-based material comprising glass wool, borosiicate glass, or rock wool, knit fabrics made from a tetra-channei or scalloped ova
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fiber, sold under the trademark COOLMAX by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
of Wilmington, Delaware, woven or fleece material, and non-woven materials, such as felt, or high-loft non-woven or heedled non-woven fabrics. However, baaed on the disclosure of the patent, It is not believed that the label disclosed in the Mm applications provide the desired degree of insulation.
peoef U.S. Patent No. 6,620,261 to Sommers discloses an insulating label and wrap for beverage containers of various shapes, manufactured by a continuous run process using a plurality of printing stations to provide a high qualify printed image on the face of the label. The disclosed label or after-market beverage container wrap produced by this process comprises a multi-layered MM having a layer of ink on the
face of a paper stock substrate, and adheaive layer on the back side of the stock substrate holds a thin waterproof layer of foam. The printed face of the label is protected by a clear film or coating covering the ink layer. The label can be manufactured as an after-market wrap to be appfied by hand by the customer and fits containers of various sizes, or as a label that is an integral part of the container as it comes from the manufacturer. As with the Benim applications, baaed on the disclosure of the Sommers patent, tt to not bejjeved that the label disclosed in the patent provides
the desired degree of insulation.
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-f0007J U.S. Patent No. 6,235,380 discloses a multi-layered article comprising a closed-cell microceflular material, having an average oel size of less than about 80 microns and a void fraction of at least 90 percent and a paper-based sheet material adhered directly to the microcellular material. Such a foam would have on the order of 1,000,000 oells per cubic centimeter.
100Q8] U.S. Patent No. 5,085,906 to AstetaL discloses a polypropylene container and an adhesive label for applying to such a container. The adhesive label comprises a base layer, which includes on Its underside an adhesive layer and on its upper side an imprint, and a film adhered to the upper side of the base layer by means of a laminating adhesive. The base layer comprises a foamed polypropylene core layer and a pair of oriented polypropylene layers, where the foamed polypropylene layer is covered on both sides with the polypropylene layers, and the film consists essentialy of polypropylene. There is no disclosure regarding the specific foamed polypropylene or how it Is produced.
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(OMSfp Hence, a need exists for methods and means of maintaining the temperature of packages and their contents upon exposure to a higher or lower ambient temperature for a period of time sufficient to alow consumption of the contents at the desired temperature. The present invention provides an insulated label that provides such means and methods.
8UHMARY OF THE INVENTION 10010] The present invention is directed to an insulated label for maintaining the temperature ofthe contents of a package. The insulated lebel comprises a polymeric thermoplastic closed cefl foam, preferably a polypropylene microfbam, typically having from about 5,000 to about 250,000 closed ceils per cubic inch. Preferably, the foam is a solution prooess polymeric closed oeH microfoam, moat preferably formed from polypropylene. Moreover, the foam preferably has from about25,000 to about 100,000 closed cells per cubic inch (in9), mote preferably, from about 25,000 to about 75,000 closed ceils per in3, and, moat preferably, from about 40,000 to about 60,000 closed cells perin8. A foam useful in the invention preferably has a thickness of at least about 0.25 mm, and, more preferably, from about 1 to about 4 mm. Indicia may be printed directly on the microfoam, or a printable layer may be affixed to the outer surface of the microfoam, either directly or with an adhesive. Typically, the other surfaoeof the microfoam of the label is affixed to the container, preferably with an adhesive layer, and, in contrast to the foam labels disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,085,906 to Ast et al., does
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not comprise a film layer.
[0011] The present invention is further directed to an insulated container, corrprising the insulated label of the invention, and to a method of making an insulated package, where the method comprises obtaining a label according to the Invention, and affixing the label onto a package or container.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAVMNO FIOURE8 FIG. 1 illustrates an insulated label of the invention; and E9943T~ FIG. 2 illustrates a container having an insulated label of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT*
•PHH41 The present invention relates to an insulated label that, when applied to a package or container, insulates the package or container, reducing the rate of temperature change in the contents of the package or container when exposed to a temperature warmer or colder than that of the contents. In contrast to conventional labels that are based on sheet materials, such as non-foamed polypropylene or paper, the label of the present Invention is form from a polymeric thermoplastic closed cell foam, where the polymeric thermoplastic can be any polymeric material capable of being foamed into a flexfole foam that can be used as a label, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and is, preferably, a polypropylene microfoam. Polymeric thermoplastic closed cell foams useful in the invention generally have at least about 5,000 closed cells per cubic inch (in*), about 305 closed cells per cubic centimeter (cm3), and less than about 250,000 closed cells per in3, from about 305 to about 6,100 closed eels per cm3, more preferably, from about 25,000 to about 75,000 closed cells per in3, from about 1,525 to about 4,575 closed cells per cm3, and, most preferably, from about 40,000 to about 60,000 doeed cells per in3, from about 2,440 to about 3,660 dosed cells per cm3 Preferably, the foam has a thickness of at least about 0.25 mm (about 0.01 inch), more preferably, from about 1 to about 4 mm (about 0.04 to about 0.16 inch).
TOOttq The foam is preferably a polypropylene microfoam formed In a flash solution process, such as that disclosed iQ U.S. Patent Nos. 3,584,090,3,637,458, and 3,787,543 to Psrrish, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference. The process essentialy comprises preparing a solution of a film forming polymer in an organic solvent having a boiling point significantly lower than the melting point of the polymer. The solution is extruded, and a closed cell microfoam of the polymer is produced as the pressure on the solution is rapidly reduced as the solution exits the extruder. The solvent flashes into a gas, and the polymer foams and solidifies.
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A polypropylene mlorofbam insulation material useful in the invention is MICROFOAM , available commercially from Pactiv Corporation, Lake Forest Illinois.
MICROFOAM9 is a foam having approximately 50,000 closed cells per in3, about 3,050
closed oell8 per cm3, and is available in several thicknesses. Including 1/32 inch, 0.03125 inch (about 0.8 mm). 1/16 Inch, 0.0625 inch (about 1.5 mm), and 1/8 inch, 0.125 inch (3.175 mm). Such a polypropylene microfoam, as with other foams useful in labels in accordance with the invention, can be used alone or in combination, such as by lamination and coextrusion, with conventional label materials to form a label. As
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foams, such as MICROFOAM , are effective insulators, packages having a foam label
in accordance with the invention stay colder or warmer for longer periods of time than do packages having prior art labels. Moreover, the preferred polypropylene microfoam materials have a lower density and, thus, weight than polyethylene or PET foams, and are more fiexfale, facilitating handling and application. The preferred polypropylene base allows the material to readily accept labels and tape for laminated structures and enables the adhesives to stick better.
PM?} Polymeric thermoplastic closed cell foams useful in the invention may also be blown with physical gaseous foaming and blowing agents, i.e., gases or low boiling point liquids, or by decomposing chemical foaming and blowing agents. The physical foaming agents include, but are not limited to, inert gases, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms, such as the isomers of the aliphatic hydrocarbons propane, butane, and pentane, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as methylene chloride, and the recently mandated "ozone-safe" replacements for banned chtoroAuorocarbona, such as trichkxofluoromethane and dichlorodifluoromethane. Physical blowing agents are typicaly dieaolved or dispersed in a liquefied plastic or melt polymer under pressure, either rapidly expanding or flashing into the gaseous state and rapidly expanding as the pressure is released, thereby forming the oellular structure in the polymer, which rapidly cools and sofefifies aa the desired foam.
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JMtq In contrast, chemical blowing agents decompose at elevated temperatures releasing an inert gas. Chemical blowing agents may be conventional diazo blowing agents, which, on decomposition, yield nitrogen. Chemical blowing agents useful in forming foams useful in the invention include, but are not limited to, organic and Inorganic bicarbonates and oxyfates, azo-chemicals, hydrazidea, and amine nitrates. The chemical blowing agent is typfcaly mixed with the thermoplastic materials in a process known In the art, such as mbdng the chemical blowing agents with peietsor powders of the thermoplastic polymeric material, and introducing the blended material into an extruder inlet The gas released when the blowing agent decomposes as a result of the heat in the extruder then forms the cellular structure in the resulting foam in the manner described above for physical blowing agents.
(BM9) Other materials useful for the labels of the invention include, but are not limited to, foams of the type described above that are co-extruded with thermoplastic polymeric films that comprise a layer of the foam and a layer of the polymeric film material onto which indicia may be printed. Such co-extrusion and methods are known In the art
fOOM] As discussed above, indicia, such as trademarks, text and designs, may be printed directly onto the surface of the foam to provide a label, or a printed ffim, preferably a polyoiefin, such as polypropylene, may be affixed to the surface of the foam to form the printed portion of the label. The f8m may be affixed directly to the foam by, for example, extrusion, or an adhesive may be used to affix the film and foam together. A layer of adhesive is also typically used to affix the insulating label of the invention to a container, such as a can, Jar, or bottle. An insulated label 10 in accordance with the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1. As illustrated, the insulated label 10 hasa layer of foamed polypropylene 12 of the type described above, and an outer film 14 of polypropylene on which indicia 16 may be printed. The outer film 14 is optionally affixec to the foam layer 12 by a layer of adhesive 18, and a layer of adhesive 20 is provided to affix the label 10 to a container.
(MM] A bottle 22 having a label 24 in accordance with the invention is ttustrated in FIG. 2. As illustrated, the label 24 comprises a foam layer 26 and an outer film layer 28. As will be recognized by thoee erf ordinary akU in the art, indicia may be printed on the outer surface of the fHm layer 28, or the outer film layer 28 may be transparent, such that indicia printed on the surfece of foam layer 26 are visible. Optionally, the outer film layer 28 may be affixed to the foam layer 26 by a layer of adhesive (not shown).
■pmgl These and other aspects of the present invention may be more ftiUy understood by reference to the following example. While the example is meant to be illustrative of insulating labels according to the present Invention, the present invention is not meant to be fimited by the following example.
Example
EMM] Insulating labels of the present invention were compared to those of a type similar to those disclosed in U.S. Patent Appfcation Publication No. 2003/0207058 to Benimetal. (Benim). The sample bottles were 20-ouhce, polyethylene teiephthalate ("PET") carbonated soft drink bottles, each having either an insulated label in accordance with the invention or a prior art insulated label. Each sample bottle was filled with 20 ounces of water to the standard fill level of the bottle, and capped with a lined plastic closure that was pre-driHed with a 1/18 inch hole for the introduction of a temperature monitoring thermocouple.
EMM) The insulated-label bottles, each containing 20 ounces of water, ware prepared and stored in a temperature controlled chamber at 5* C for a minimum of 24 hours prior to the initiation of a given test sequence. An environmental chamber was set at a temperature of 45* C to provide the requisite ambient temperature condition.
[MM] The test sequence involved the placement of the 5 insulated label bottles, pre-chied to 5° C, in the temperature controled chamber in direct contact with a metal surface in the chamber. Immediately prior to transferring the samples from the 5* C
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chamber to the 45* C chamber, a temperature reading of the water in each bottle waa digitally recorded from the thermocouple in each sample, and a timer was used to record the elapsed time for each subsequent ten*>eratura reading. The temperature of the Hquid contents of each sample was recorded as a function of elapsed time for each sample.
fMtfl) The temperature versus elapsed time data for the contents of each bottle were recorded with the total elapsed time required for the contents of each bottle to reach 12.8* C, or 55* F. In addition, the temperature of the contents of the bottles having insulating labels of the invention was recorded when the contents of the bottles with the prior art label material reached 12.8* C.
I—lf] The difference in time required for the contents of the prior art bottles and those of the bottles of the invention to reach 12.8° C Is set forth in Table 1.
TABLE 1
TIME DIFFERENTIAL Q 12.8* C (56* F)

EQA28} The temperature difference between the bottles having the prior art labels and the bottles having labels of the invention when the water in the prior art bottles reached 12.8* C was -3.4* C. That is, when the temperature of the water in the prior art bottles reached 12.8* C, the temperature In the bottles with the labels of the invention was only 9.4" C. Therefore, the improvement in insulation by the labels of the invention compared to those of the prior art is clear.
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[0029] Although the invention has been disclosed in the context of certain embodiments and examples, It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Accordingly, the invention is not intended to be limited by the specific dtoctosurss of preferred embodiments herein.