Specification
DESC: 0157NF2022
FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS [AMENDMENTS] RULES, 2021
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
NICKEL-BASED CATALYSTS FOR SELECTIVE (DE)HYDROGENATIVE COUPLING OF BENZYL ALCOHOLS WITH AZOBENZENES
COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, Rafi Marg, New Delhi-10001, India, an Indian registered body incorporated under Registration of Societies Act (Acts XX1 of 1860)
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which is to be performed.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure relates to a nickel catalyst of formula (I).
Formula I
Particularly, present invention relates to the catalyst used for hydrogenation-dehydrogenation coupling reactions and for secondary imine hydrogenation reactions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Generally, the construction of the carbon-nitrogen bond symbolizes a fundamental step in synthesizing complex molecular architectures relevant to the chemical industries and biological sciences. Several efficient and robust approaches are available to create C-N bonds, such as Buchwald-Hartwig amination, Ullmann reaction, Chan-Lam amination, and hydroamination. These methods are highly competent and extensively applied in academia and industries; however, they produce stoichiometric halide or metallic waste and/or use noble metal catalysts.
Currently, the selective hydrogenative-dehydrogenative coupling of benzyl alcohols with azobenzene produces C-N bond containing compounds such as imines and amines, which are very essential as the resulted products have diverse applications, including intermediates in organic synthesis and dye industries. Most of the reported procedures include aniline (M. Vellakkaran et al., ACS Catal. 2017, 7, 8152-8158) and azide (H. Li et al., ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 4071-4076) as the starting material for N-containing compounds. Moreover, most of the catalysts used in these types of reactions require photocatalytic system (K Selvam et al., New J. Chem., 2015, 39, 2856-2860), heterogeneous system (Wang Feng et al., CN106608776A, 03 May 2017), expensive noble metals (Green Chem., 2019, 21, 219–224) and phosphine-based ligand systems (ACS Catal. 2021, 11, 4071-4076, J. Org. Chem. 2020, 85, 7125-7135). However, said most of the known catalysts and reactions are based on expensive transition metals and/or phosphine-based ligands and resulted with poor selectivities.
Hence, there is still need to provide new and better catalyst system for selective hydrogenative-dehydrogenative coupling reactions. Accordingly, present invention provides nitrogen-ligated phosphine-free nickel catalysts for the selective hydrogenative-dehydrogenative coupling of benzyl alcohols with azobenzene, which is highly sustainable considering the high abundance of nickel.
OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
Main objective of present invention is to provide nickel based catalyst of formula (I).
Another objective of the present invention is to provide nickel-based catalyst of formula (I) for hydrogenation-dehydrogenation coupling reactions and secondary imine hydrogenation reactions.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a process of preparation of the nickel-based catalyst of formula I.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide processes of hydrogenation and/or dehydrogenation coupling reactions of benzyl alcohols with azobenzenes.
Still another objective of the present invention is to provide processes of hydrogenation and/or dehydrogenation coupling reactions of benzyl alcohols with azobenzenes using said nickel-based catalyst of formula (I).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, present invention provides a nickel-based catalyst of formula (I)
Formula I
wherein,
n=1 or 2;
R1 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl and aryl;
R2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl and aryl; and
X is selected from halogen, -OCO-alkyl, -OAc or -OTf;
wherein
the aryl of R1 and/or R2 is phenyl which may be further substituted with any of group selected from C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, halo, -OTf, -OCO-alkyl and –OAc; the alkyl connected to –OCO- is C1-C4 alkyl; and
the halogen is selected from chloro, iodo, bromo and fluoro.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst is useful for hydrogenation-dehydrogenation coupling reactions and secondary imine hydrogenation reactions.
In another embodiment, present invention provides a process of preparation of nickel-based catalyst of formula (I) as claimed in claim 1 comprising steps of:
a) adding dimethoxy ethane nickel compound of formula II with hydroxy bipyridine compound of formula III in presence of a solvent under inert atmosphere in a round bottom glass flask to obtain a mixture;
Formula II Formula III;
b) wherein the R1, R2 and X are same as defined in claim 1;
c) stirring the mixture as obtained in step a) at a temperature in the range of 25 to 60 oC for a time period of 12-24 hrs to obtain a stirred reaction mixture;
d) evaporating and drying the reaction mixture as obtained in step b) to obtain the catalyst of formula I; and
e) optionally, purifying the catalyst to obtain the catalyst of formula I.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the solvent used in step a) is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, toluene and THF.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the evaporation and drying in step c) is done by first evaporating solvent in vacuo to obtain solid product, followed by washing with diethyl ether, and subsequent drying under vacuum provided the catalyst of formula I.
In yet another embodiment, present invention provides a process of hydrogenation-dehydrogenation coupling reaction using catalyst of formula (I) as claimed in claim 1, the process comprising steps of:
a) reacting azobenzene of formula IV with (un)substituted benzyl alcohol of formula V in presence of 0.001 to 0.05 mmol of the catalyst of formula (I) as claimed in claim 1, a base and a solvent in a tube to obtain a reaction mixture;
Formula IV Formula V
wherein
R3: hydrogen, alkyl, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R4: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R5: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, sulphonyl alkyl, -OCF3, -SMe, -SMe2, aminoalkyl, -CF3, -OCHF2, -COO-alkyl, halogen;
6: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, and halogen;
R7: hydrogen, alkyl, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R8: hydrogen, alkyl, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R9: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R10: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, sulphonyl alkyl, aminoalkyl, amino, -CF3, -OCF3, -OCHF2, -COO-alkyl, halogen;
R11: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R12: hydrogen, alkyl, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R13: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, -CF3 and cycloalkyl;
R14: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, -CF3, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R15: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, sulphonyl alkyl, -O-aryl, -OCF3, -CF3, -SMe, -SMe2, halogen;
R16: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, -CF3, halogen and cycloalkyl; and
R17: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, -CF3 and cycloalkyl;
b) heating the reaction mixture obtained in step a) at a temperature in the range of 120-150oC for a time period in the range of 16 to 24 h to obtain a hot reaction mixture; and
c) cooling the hot reaction mixture obtained in step b) to an ambient temperature in the range of 25-35°C followed by filtration to obtain the (un)substituted of (E)-N,1-diphenylmethanimine compounds of Formula IIa and/or IIb
Formula IIa Formula IIb
wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16 and R17 is same as defined above, optionally R15 and R16 together forms a cyclic ring selected from aryl or heteroaryl ring.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the base is selected from the group consisting of potassium carbonate (K2CO3), potassium tertiary butoxide (KtOBu) and Tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4).
In yet another embodiment, present invention provides a process of secondary imine hydrogenation reaction using catalyst of formula (I) as claimed in claim 1, the process comprising steps of:
a) reacting azobenzene of formula IV with (un)substituted benzyl alcohol of formula V in presence of 0.001 to 0.05 mmol of the catalyst of formula (I) as claimed in claim 1, a base, and a solvent in a tube to obtain a reaction mixture;
Formula IV Formula V
wherein
R3: hydrogen, alkyl, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R4: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R5: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, sulphonyl alkyl, -OCF3, -SMe, -SMe2, aminoalkyl, -CF3, -OCHF2, -COO-alkyl, and halogen;
R6: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R7: hydrogen, alkyl, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R8: hydrogen, alkyl, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R9: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R10: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, sulphonyl alkyl, aminoalkyl, amino, -CF3, -OCF3, -OCHF2, -COO-alkyl, halogen;
R11: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R12: hydrogen, alkyl, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R13: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, -CF3 and cycloalkyl;
R14: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, -CF3, halogen and cycloalkyl;
R15: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, sulphonyl alkyl, -O-aryl, -OCF3, -CF3, -SMe, -SMe2, and halogen;
R16: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, -CF3, halogen and cycloalkyl; and
R17: hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, -CF3 and cycloalkyl;
b) heating the reaction mixture to a temperature in the range of 120-150oC for a time period of 16-24 h to obtain a hot reaction mixture; and
c) cooling the hot reaction mixture as obtained in step (b) to room temperature in the range of 25-35 °C followed by filtration to obtain the (un)substituted N-benzylaniline of formula IIIa and/or IIIb
Formula IIIa Formula IIIb
wherein R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16 and R17 is same as defined above, optionally R15 and R16 together forms a cyclic ring selected from aryl or heteroaryl ring.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the base is selected from potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (KHMDS) and potassium tertiary butoxide (KtOBu).
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, in the compound of formulas IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IV and V, the alkyl is selected from C1-C6 alkyl; halogen is selected from chloro, bromo, fluoro and iodo; the alkyl in alkoxy, sulphonyl alkyl, aminoalkyl and -COO-alkyl groups is selected from C1-C4 alkyl; and the aryl in O-aryl is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene.
In yet another embodiment, present invention provides a process of hydrogenation-dehydrogenation coupling reaction of azobenzene with (un)substituted benzyl alcohol in presence of the nickel based catalyst of formula (I), base and solvent at specific reaction conditions to obtain the (un)substituted (E)-N,1-diphenylmethanimine compounds.
In yet another embodiment, present invention provides a process of secondary imine hydrogenation reaction of azobenzene with (un)substituted benzyl alcohol in presence of the nickel based catalyst of formula (I), base and solvent to obtain (un)substituted N-benzylaniline compounds.
Accordingly, the present invention provides single nickel based catalyst which can act as dual catalyst providing two different products (imine and amine) with same reactants azobenzene and (un)substituted benzyl alcohol by tuning reaction conditions, and this dual selectivity of nickel is nowhere reported in the literature with such efficient yields.
BRIEF DESCRPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 shows Thermal ellipsoid plot of Ni-2. Selected bond lengths (Å): Ni1?N1 = 2.135(2), Ni1?N2 = 2.069(2), Ni1?N3 = 2.059 (2), Ni1?N4 = 2.128 (2), Ni1?Cl1 = 2.4302 (6), Ni1?Cl2 = 2.430 (6). Selected bond angles (?): N4?Ni1?N1 = 171.11 (8), N3?Ni1?Cl1 = 178.81 (6), N2?Ni1?Cl2 = 177.78 (68), N2?Ni1?N1 = 79.06 (8), N2?Ni1?N4 = 94.15 (8), N3?Ni1?N1 = 94.89 (8), N4?Ni1?Cl1 = 99.61 (6).
Fig. 2 represents the synthetic scheme of compound of formula I.
Fig. 3 represents scope of various azoarenes to imines; wherein reaction conditions are as follow: 1 (0.20 mmol), 2a (0.044 g, 0.406 mmol), K2CO3 (0.028 g, 0.202 mmol), Ni-1 (0.003 g, 0.01 mmol, 5 mol%). Yields are determined by 1H NMR analysis of crude reaction mixture. a Yield of isolated compound. b Product 3qa was not formed due to the low reactivity of the corresponding aniline.
Fig. 4 represents scope for the coupling of azobenzene with various benzyl alcohols to imines; wherein reaction conditions are as follow: 1a (0.037 g, 0.203 mmol), 2 (0.40 mmol), K2CO3 (0.028 g, 0.202 mmol), Ni-1 (0.003 g, 0.01 mmol, 5 mol%). Yields are determined by 1H NMR analysis of crude reaction mixture.
Fig. 5 represents scope for the different azoarenes to amines; wherein reaction conditions are as follow: 1 (0.20 mmol), 2a (0.077, 0.71 mmol), KOtBu (0.034 g, 0.303 mmol), Ni-1 (0.003 g, 0.01 mmol, 5 mol%). Yields of isolated compound. a Yield by 1H NMR analysis of crude reaction mixture.
Fig. 6 represents scope for coupling of azobenzene with various benzyl alcohols to amines; wherein reaction conditions are as follow: 1a (0.037 g, 0.203 mmol), 2 (0.71 mmol), KOtBu (0.034 g, 0.303 mmol), Ni-1 (0.003 g, 0.01 mmol, 5 mol%). Yields shown are of isolated compounds. a Yield by 1H NMR analysis of crude reaction mixture.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention will now be described in detail in connection with certain preferred and optional embodiments, so that various aspects thereof may be more fully understood and appreciated.
“Alkyl” as used herein is collection of carbon atoms that are covalently linked together in normal, secondary, tertiary or cyclic arrangements, i.e., in linear, branched, cyclic arrangement or some combination thereof. An alkyl substituent to structure is chain of carbon atoms that is covalently attached to structure through sp3 carbon of substituent. The alkyl substituents, as used herein, contains one or more saturated moieties or groups and may additionally contain unsaturated alkyl moieties or groups, i.e., substituent may comprise one, two, three or more independently selected double bonds or triple bonds of combination thereof, typically one double or one triple bond if such unsaturated alkyl moieties or groups are present. Unsaturated alkyl moieties or groups include moieties or groups as described below for alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl moieties. Saturated alkyl moieties contain saturated carbon atoms (sp3) and no aromatic, sp2 or sp carbon atoms. The number of carbon atoms in an alkyl moiety or group can vary and typically is 1 to about 50, e.g., about 1-30 or about 1-20, unless otherwise specified, e.g., C1-8 alkyl or C1-C8 alkyl means an alkyl moiety containing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and C1-6 alkyl or C1-C6 means an alkyl moiety containing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms. When an alkyl substituent, moiety or group is specified, species may include methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl (n-propyl), 2-propyl (iso-propyl, —CH(CH3)2), 1-butyl (n-butyl), 2-methyl-1-propyl (iso-butyl, —CH2CH(CH3)2), 2-butyl (sec-butyl, —CH(CH3)CH2CH3), 2-methyl-2-propyl (t-butyl, —C(CH3)3), amyl, isoamyl, sec-amyl and other linear, cyclic and branch chain alkyl moieties. Unless otherwise specified, alkyl groups can contain species and groups described below for cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups, aryl groups, arylalkyl groups, alkylaryl groups and the like.
Cycloalkyl as used herein is a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring system composed of only carbon atoms. The term “cycloalkyl” encompasses a monocyclic or polycyclic aliphatic, non-aromatic radical, wherein each of the atoms forming the ring (i.e. skeletal atoms) is a carbon atom. The number of carbon atoms in an cycloalkyl substituent, moiety or group can vary and typically is 3 to about 50, e.g., about 1-30 or about 1-20, unless otherwise specified, e.g., C3-8 alkyl or C3-C8 alkyl means an cycloalkyl substituent, moiety or group containing 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and C3-6 alkyl or C3-C6 means an cycloalkyl substituent, moiety or group containing 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms. Cycloalkyl substituents, moieties or groups will typically have 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atoms and may contain exo or endo-cyclic double bonds or endo-cyclic triple bonds or a combination of both wherein the endo-cyclic double or triple bonds, or the combination of both, do not form a cyclic conjugated system of 4n+2 electrons; wherein the bicyclic ring system may share one (i.e., spiro ring system) or two carbon atoms and the tricyclic ring system may share a total of 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, typically 2 or 3. Unless otherwise specified, cycloalkyl substituents, moieties or groups can contain moieties and groups described for alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl and the like and can contain one or more other cycloalkyl moieties. Thus, cycloalkyls may be saturated, or partially unsaturated. Cycloalkyls may be fused with an aromatic ring, and the points of attachment to the aromatic ring are at a carbon or carbons of the cycloalkyl substituent, moiety or group that is not an aromatic ring carbon atom. Cycloalkyl groups include groups having from 3 to 10 ring atoms. Cycloalkyl substituents, moieties or groups include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantly or other cyclic all carbon containing moieties. Cycloalkyls further include cyclobutyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl. Cycloalkyl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted. Depending on the substituent structure, a cycloalkyl substituent can be a monoradical or a diradical (i.e., an cycloalkylene, such as, but not limited to, cyclopropan-1,1-diyl, cyclobutan-1,1-diyl, cyclopentan-1,1-diyl, cyclohexan-1,1-diyl, cyclohexan-1,4-diyl, cycloheptan-1,1-diyl, and the like). When cycloalkyl is used as a Markush group (i.e., a substituent) the cycloalkyl is attached to a Markush formula with which it is associated through a carbon involved in a cyclic carbon ring system carbon of the cycloalkyl group that is not an aromatic carbon.
“Alkylamine” as used herein means an —N(alkyl)xHy group, moiety or substituent where x and y are independently selected from the group x=1, y=1 and x=2, y=O. Alkylamine includes those —N(alkyl)xHy groups wherein x=2 and y=0 and the alkyl groups taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a cyclic ring system.
“Aryl” as used here means an aromatic ring system or a fused ring system with no ring heteroatoms comprising 1, 2, 3 or 4 to 6 rings, typically 1 to 3 rings, wherein the rings are composed of only carbon atoms; and refers to a cyclically conjugated system of 4n+2 electrons (Huckel rule), typically 6, 10 or 14 electrons some of which may additionally participate in exocyclic conjugation (cross-conjugated (e.g., quinone). Aryl substituents, moieties or groups are typically formed by five, six, seven, eight, nine, or more than nine, carbon atoms. Aryl substituents, moieties or groups are optionally substituted. Exemplary aryls include C6-C10 aryls such as phenyl and naphthalenyl and phenanthryl. Depending on the structure, an aryl group can be a monoradical or a diradical (i.e., an arylene group). Exemplary arylenes include, but are not limited to, phenyl-1,2-ene, phenyl-1,3-ene, and phenyl-1,4-ene. When aryl is used as a Markush group (i.e., a substituent) the aryl is attached to a Markush formula with which it is associated through aromatic carbon of the aryl group.
“Arylalkyl” as used herein means a substituent, moiety or group where an aryl moiety is bonded to an alkyl moiety, i.e., -alkyl-aryl, where alkyl and aryl groups are as described above, e.g., —CH2—C6H5 or —CH2CH(CH3)—C6H5. When arylalkyl is used as a Markush group (i.e., a substituent) the alkyl moiety of the arylalkyl is attached to a Markush formula with which it is associated through a sp3 carbon of the alkyl moiety.
“Alkylaryl” as used herein means substituent, moiety or group where alkyl moiety is bonded to aryl moiety, i.e.,-aryl-alkyl, where aryl and alkyl groups are as described above, e.g. —C6H4—CH3 or —C6H4—CH2CH(CH3). When alkylaryl is used as Markush group (i.e., substituent), aryl moiety of alkylaryl is attached to Markush formula with which it is associated through sp2 carbon of the aryl moiety.
“Substituted alkyl”, “substituted cycloalkyl”, “substituted alkenyl”, “substituted alkynyl”, substituted alkylaryl”, “substituted arylalkyl”, “substituted heterocycle”, “substituted aryl” and the like as used herein mean alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl heterocycle, aryl or other group or moiety as defined or disclosed herein that has substituent(s) that replaces hydrogen atom(s) or substituent(s) that interrupts carbon atom chain. Alkenyl and alkynyl groups that comprise substituent(s) are optionally substituted at carbon that is one or more methylene moieties removed from double bond.
“Heterocycle” or “heterocyclic” or “heteroaryl” as used herein means a cycloalkyl or aromatic ring system wherein one or more, typically 1, 2 or 3, but not all of the carbon atoms comprising the ring system are replaced by a heteroatom which is an atom other than carbon, including, N, O, S, Se, B, Si, P, typically N, O or S wherein two or more heteroatoms may be adjacent to each other or separated by one or more carbon atoms, typically 1-17 carbon atoms, 1-7 atoms or 1-3 atoms. Heterocycles includes heteroaromatic rings (also known as heteroaryls) and heterocycloalkyl rings (also known as heteroalicyclic groups) containing one to four heteroatoms in the ring(s), where each heteroatom in the ring(s) is selected from O, S and N, wherein each heterocyclic group has from 4 to 10 atoms in its ring system, and with the proviso that the any ring does not contain two adjacent O or S atoms.
Non-aromatic heterocyclic, substituents, moieties or groups (also known as heterocycloalkyls) have at least 3 atoms in their ring system and aromatic heterocyclic groups have at least 5 atoms in their ring system and include benzo-fused ring systems. Heterocyclics with 3, 4, 5, 6 and 10 atoms include aziridinyl azetidinyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl and quinolinyl, respectively. Nonaromatic heterocyclic substituents, moieties/groups are pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, oxazolidinonyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dihydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thioxanyl, piperazinyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, homopiperidinyl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, oxazepinyl, diazepinyl, thiazepinyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridinyl, pyrrolin-2-yl, pyrrolin-3-yl, indolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, dithianyl, dithiolanyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrofuranyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0)hexanyl, 3azabicyclo[4.1.0)heptanyl, 3H-indolyl and quinolizinyl. Aromatic heterocyclic includes, by way of example and not limitation, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazinyl, tetrazolyl, furyl, thienyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzofuranyl, cinnolinyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, isoindolyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, furazanyl, benzofurazanyl, benzo-thiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl and furopyridinyl. Non-aromatic heterocycles may be substituted with one or two oxo (-O) moieties and includes pyrrolidin-2-one.
When heterocycle is used as a Markush group (i.e., a substituent) the heterocycle is attached to a Markush formula with which it is associated through a carbon or a heteroatom of the heterocycle, where such an attachment does not result in an unstable or disallowed formal oxidation state of that carbon or heteroatom. A heterocycle that is C-linked is bonded to a molecule through a carbon atom include moieties such as —(CH2)n-heterocycle where n is 1, 2 or 3 or —C
Documents
Application Documents
| # |
Name |
Date |
| 1 |
202211048083-STATEMENT OF UNDERTAKING (FORM 3) [23-08-2022(online)].pdf |
2022-08-23 |
| 2 |
202211048083-PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION [23-08-2022(online)].pdf |
2022-08-23 |
| 3 |
202211048083-FORM 1 [23-08-2022(online)].pdf |
2022-08-23 |
| 4 |
202211048083-DECLARATION OF INVENTORSHIP (FORM 5) [23-08-2022(online)].pdf |
2022-08-23 |
| 5 |
202211048083-Others-071022.pdf |
2022-10-27 |
| 6 |
202211048083-Correspondence-071022.pdf |
2022-10-27 |
| 7 |
202211048083-FORM 3 [23-08-2023(online)].pdf |
2023-08-23 |
| 8 |
202211048083-ENDORSEMENT BY INVENTORS [23-08-2023(online)].pdf |
2023-08-23 |
| 9 |
202211048083-COMPLETE SPECIFICATION [23-08-2023(online)].pdf |
2023-08-23 |
| 10 |
202211048083-Request Letter-Correspondence [29-08-2023(online)].pdf |
2023-08-29 |
| 11 |
202211048083-Power of Attorney [29-08-2023(online)].pdf |
2023-08-29 |
| 12 |
202211048083-Form 1 (Submitted on date of filing) [29-08-2023(online)].pdf |
2023-08-29 |
| 13 |
202211048083-Covering Letter [29-08-2023(online)].pdf |
2023-08-29 |
| 14 |
202211048083-CERTIFIED COPIES TRANSMISSION TO IB [29-08-2023(online)].pdf |
2023-08-29 |
| 15 |
202211048083-FORM-26 [22-09-2023(online)].pdf |
2023-09-22 |
| 16 |
202211048083-FORM 3 [06-10-2023(online)].pdf |
2023-10-06 |
| 17 |
202211048083-FORM 18 [21-03-2025(online)].pdf |
2025-03-21 |
| 18 |
202211048083-Form 8-260525.pdf |
2025-05-29 |