Abstract Early applications have functioned extremely well for data-driven retail industry for decades. However, an entirely new level of data analysis has been implemented by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), leading to deeper market experiences. During shopping there is still much to be lear...

Abstract A client's attention and attraction are recognised as two of the most critical factors advertising worldwide. While roadside advertising is often identified as a potential source of attracting the customer, it has received more attention compared to other types of advertising such as texting or calling. Th...