A Francis turbine runner including a shortened band length and a shortened blade length combined with a reversed runner blade leading edge having a junction of the leading edge with the band forerunning a junction of the leading edge with the crown in the rotational direction and a bandless runner including a shorte...

A blade for a runner of a Francis turbine having a throat diameter (Dth) the blade including: a maximum thickness of no less than 0.03Dth and a leading edge having a maximum lean angle of no less than 45 degrees wherein the lean angle is defined by a vertical line and the leading edge.

A spiral casing for a hydraulic turbine has been conceived including: an array of spiral segments defining a passage to direct liquid entering the casing to a runner in the turbine the spiral segment extending at least partially around the runner and having an inner perimeter defining an opening to receive the runne...