1. An apparatus for occupant restraint and verification, comprising: a belt body configured to restrain an occupant; a resilient padding layer disposed along the belt body; a plurality of capacitive sensors embedded within the padding layer and arranged to detect pressure across a plurality of body regions of the occupant; an inflatable structure integrated within the belt body; an inflation assembly fluidly coupled to the inflatable structure, the inflation assembly comprising a first inflation module configured for high-pressure inflation and a second inflation module configured for low-pressure inflation; and a control unit communicatively coupled to the plurality of capacitive sensors and the inflation assembly, wherein the control unit is configured to verify engagement of the belt body based on pressure data from the plurality of capacitive sensors and to control inflation of the inflatable structure based on a detected vehicle event.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the belt body comprises a central nylon belt and the resilient padding layer comprises a memory foam layer enclosed within a stretchable covering.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of capacitive sensors are arranged in a plurality of pressure zones corresponding to a shoulder region, a chest region, and an abdomen region of the occupant to provide multi-point verification.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein verifying engagement comprises distinguishing a pressure distribution corresponding to direct contact with the occupant’s torso from a pressure distribution indicative of an improperly routed or bypassed belt body.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control unit is further configured to generate an alert signal when the belt body is buckled and pressure is absent in at least one of the plurality of pressure zones.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first inflation module comprises a one-time-use high-pressure gas canister that is removably coupled to the belt body for replacement without removal of the apparatus.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second inflation module comprises an elastic bladder fluidly coupled to the inflatable structure through at least one gas passage, the elastic bladder being configured to gently inflate the inflatable structure during moderate deceleration events and to automatically refill after inflation via a passive suction mechanism.

8. A vehicle occupant protection system, comprising: the apparatus of claim 1; and a vehicle interface communicatively coupled to the control unit, wherein the control unit is further configured to generate a dashboard alert upon detecting improper engagement of the belt body and to transmit an external notification signal to a remote system upon detection of a high-impact vehicle event.

9. A method for verifying seatbelt usage and enhancing occupant safety, comprising: receiving pressure data from a plurality of capacitive sensors embedded within a padding layer of a seatbelt, the pressure data corresponding to a shoulder region, a chest region, and an abdomen region of an occupant; analyzing the pressure data to verify proper engagement of the seatbelt based on a detected pressure distribution; generating an alert signal when the pressure distribution indicates improper engagement of the seatbelt; and detecting a vehicle event selected from a high-impact event and a moderate deceleration event.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: activating a first inflation module to rapidly inflate an inflatable structure within the seatbelt in response to detecting the high-impact event; activating a second inflation module to gently inflate the inflatable structure in response to detecting the moderate deceleration event; automatically refilling the second inflation module via a passive suction mechanism after inflation; and transmitting a notification to emergency services upon detection of the high-impact event.

Description:FIELD OF INVENTION:
[001] The present disclosure relates generally to vehicle safety systems and, more particularly, to a seatbelt system for use in restraining a vehicle occupant.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
[002] Vehicle occupant restraint systems, such as seatbelts, are used to restrain occupants during vehicle events to reduce injury risk. A typical system includes a webbing belt body positioned across the occupant’s torso and lap to distribute forces during impact. Proper engagement and positioning of the belt body are important for effective restraint. Seatbelt systems generally function through energy absorption and controlled deceleration to maintain occupant coupling with the vehicle structure.
[003] Conventional systems may include pretensioners and load limiters. Pretensioners retract webbing in response to impact detection to reduce slack, and load limiters allow controlled webbing payout to manage forces on the occupant. These components may operate with other safety systems, such as airbags. Belt material, configuration, and anchorage locations are selected to provide force distribution during normal operation and collision events.
[004] Seatbelt systems typically include a buckle and receptacle assembly that detects engagement of the belt. Vehicles may further include warning indicators or interlock systems associated with buckle engagement. However, proper buckle engagement does not necessarily confirm correct positioning of the belt body on the occupant, and improper use may reduce the intended restraint function.
[005] Non-compliance with seatbelt usage remains common in many regions. In some cases, occupants do not wear seatbelts despite legal requirements and awareness measures. Various factors may contribute to this behavior, including perceived inconvenience, discomfort, or reliance on vehicle structural features or personal driving ability. Failure to wear a seatbelt reduces the intended restraint function during a vehicle event.
[006] Conventional seatbelt systems typically detect buckle engagement and, in some cases, occupant presence using weight sensors. However, such systems can be bypassed. For example, the belt may be positioned behind the occupant while the buckle remains engaged. In this condition, the system may register the seatbelt as fastened even though the occupant is not properly restrained. As a result, warning systems may be deactivated despite improper belt positioning. Systems that rely solely on buckle detection or basic occupancy sensing do not verify correct placement of the belt body across the occupant’s torso.
[007] Accordingly, existing systems may not confirm whether the belt body is properly routed over the occupant’s shoulder and lap. Improper routing, such as placing the belt behind the back or under the arm, reduces the restraint capability during a collision. Current sensing arrangements generally detect buckle status but do not confirm physical contact or proper positioning of the belt relative to the occupant.
[008] Additionally, conventional seatbelt systems provide limited adaptability during impact events. While pretensioners and load limiters adjust webbing tension, the belt body itself typically provides a fixed restraint configuration. Different vehicle events may produce different force conditions. A uniform restraint response may not provide optimal force distribution under all impact scenarios. The absence of adaptive restraint characteristics in the belt body represents a limitation in current systems.
[009] Accordingly, there is a need for an occupant restraint system that verifies proper positioning and engagement of a belt body on an occupant. The system should be capable of distinguishing correct restraint from improperly routed or bypassed configurations. There is further a need for verification of belt contact at multiple locations relative to the occupant.
[010] Additionally, there is a need for a restraint system configured to provide a variable response based on detected vehicle event conditions. The system may adjust restraint characteristics according to impact severity. The system may further include a mechanism for restoring or maintaining its operational readiness and may generate alerts in response to improper usage.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION:
[011] A primary object of the present disclosure is to provide an apparatus for occupant restraint that verifies proper engagement of a belt body using a plurality of sensors configured to detect contact or pressure distribution across one or more regions of an occupant.
[012] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide an occupant restraint apparatus including an inflatable structure integrated with the belt body and an inflation assembly comprising a first inflation module configured to provide inflation at a first pressure level and a second inflation module configured to provide inflation at a second pressure level different from the first pressure level.
[013] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a control unit configured to analyze sensor data to distinguish proper routing of the belt body from an improperly routed or bypassed configuration.
[014] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a restraint system configured to adjust inflation of the inflatable structure based on detected vehicle event conditions, including differentiation between high-impact events and moderate deceleration events.
[015] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a second inflation module configured to automatically refill after activation via a passive mechanism.
[016] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a vehicle interface configured to generate an alert signal upon detecting improper belt engagement and to transmit a notification signal upon detection of a vehicle event.
[017] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a belt body including a resilient padding layer accommodating embedded sensors while maintaining flexibility of the belt.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION:
[018] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus for occupant restraint and verification is provided, comprising a belt body configured to restrain an occupant and a resilient padding layer disposed along the belt body. A plurality of capacitive sensors are embedded within the padding layer and arranged to detect pressure across a plurality of body regions of the occupant. An inflatable structure is integrated within the belt body, and an inflation assembly is fluidly coupled to the inflatable structure, wherein the inflation assembly comprises a first inflation module configured for high-pressure inflation and a second inflation module configured for low-pressure inflation. Further included is a control unit communicatively coupled to the plurality of capacitive sensors and the inflation assembly, the control unit being configured to verify engagement of the belt body based on pressure data from the plurality of capacitive sensors and to control inflation of the inflatable structure based on a detected vehicle event.
[019] The belt body of the apparatus comprises a central nylon belt, and the resilient padding layer comprises a memory foam layer enclosed within a stretchable covering, offering enhanced comfort and fit to the occupant. The plurality of capacitive sensors are arranged in a plurality of pressure zones corresponding to a shoulder region, a chest region, and an abdomen region of the occupant, providing multi-point verification of belt engagement. Verifying engagement involves distinguishing a pressure distribution corresponding to direct contact with the occupant's torso from a pressure distribution indicative of an improperly routed or bypassed belt body, thereby ensuring proper usage. The control unit of the apparatus is further configured to generate an alert signal when the belt body is buckled and pressure is absent in at least one of the plurality of pressure zones. The first inflation module comprises a one-time-use high-pressure gas canister that is removably coupled to the belt body for replacement without removal of the apparatus, facilitating easy maintenance after a high-impact event. The second inflation module comprises an elastic bladder fluidly coupled to the inflatable structure through at least one gas passage, the elastic bladder being configured to gently inflate the inflatable structure during moderate deceleration events and to automatically refill after inflation via a passive suction mechanism, ensuring reusability and continuous functionality.
[020] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a vehicle occupant protection system is provided, comprising the aforementioned apparatus and a vehicle interface communicatively coupled to the control unit. The control unit is further configured to generate a dashboard alert upon detecting improper engagement of the belt body and to transmit an external notification signal to a remote system upon detection of a high-impact vehicle event, allowing for prompt assistance.
[021] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for verifying seatbelt usage and enhancing occupant safety is provided, comprising receiving pressure data from a plurality of capacitive sensors embedded within a padding layer of a seatbelt, the pressure data corresponding to a shoulder region, a chest region, and an abdomen region of an occupant. The method further involves analyzing the pressure data to verify proper engagement of the seatbelt based on a detected pressure distribution and generating an alert signal when the pressure distribution indicates improper engagement of the seatbelt. Additionally, the method includes detecting a vehicle event selected from a high-impact event and a moderate deceleration event. The method further comprises activating a high-pressure inflation module to rapidly inflate an inflatable structure within the seatbelt in response to detecting the high-impact event, and activating a low-pressure inflation module to gently inflate the inflatable structure in response to detecting the moderate deceleration event. The low-pressure inflation module automatically refills via a passive suction mechanism after inflation, while a notification is transmitted to emergency services upon detection of the high-impact event.
[022] The described apparatus and methods provide advanced verification of seatbelt use, enhanced occupant protection through a dual-stage inflation system, and improved user compliance due to comfortable design. This contributes to reducing injury potential during various vehicle events.
[023] The foregoing paragraphs have been provided by way of general introduction and are not intended to limit the scope of the following claims. The described embodiments, together with further advantages, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:
[024] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of the system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[025] FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the seatbelt assembly components according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[026] FIG. 3 illustrates pressure zones on a human body in relation to the seatbelt according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
[027] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of the operation and inflation control logic of the seatbelt system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
[028] Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood by reference to the description set forth herein. All the aspects described herein will be better appreciated and understood when considered in conjunction with the following descriptions. It should be understood, however, that the following descriptions, while indicating preferred aspects and numerous specific details thereof, are given by way of illustration only and should not be treated as limitations. Changes and modifications may be made within the scope herein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and the present disclosure herein includes all such modifications.
[029] The present disclosure relates to an occupant restraint and verification system, particularly a seatbelt apparatus including sensing and inflation features for use in a vehicle. The system is configured to verify proper engagement of a seatbelt and to provide adaptive restraint response during vehicle events.
[030] The apparatus comprises a belt body including a resilient padding layer. The padding layer accommodates a plurality of capacitive sensors configured to detect contact or pressure distribution between the belt body and an occupant. The sensors may be positioned to correspond to one or more body regions, including a shoulder region, a chest region, and an abdomen region. Sensor data may be used to verify proper routing and engagement of the belt body and to distinguish proper engagement from an improperly routed or bypassed configuration.
[031] An inflatable structure is integrated within the belt body. The inflatable structure is fluidly coupled to an inflation assembly including a first inflation module configured to provide inflation at a first pressure level and a second inflation module configured to provide inflation at a second pressure level different from the first pressure level. The inflation modules may be selectively activated based on detected vehicle event conditions.
[032] A control unit is communicatively coupled to the capacitive sensors and the inflation assembly. The control unit is configured to receive and analyze sensor data to determine engagement status of the belt body and to generate an alert if improper engagement is detected. The control unit may further detect or receive vehicle event data and control activation of the inflation assembly based on the detected event.
[033] In response to a high-impact vehicle event, the first inflation module may be activated to inflate the inflatable structure. In response to a moderate deceleration event, the second inflation module may be activated to provide inflation at a lower pressure level. This configuration allows variation of restraint characteristics according to detected vehicle conditions.
[034] The second inflation module may include a refill mechanism configured to restore inflation capability after activation. In one embodiment, the refill mechanism operates through a passive suction arrangement to return the module to a ready state.
[035] Referring now to FIG. 1, a block diagram of a seatbelt system 100 for occupant restraint and verification is illustrated according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 100 includes a seatbelt assembly 110, a control unit 120, an inflation assembly 130, a pump 140, a vehicle interface 150, one or more vehicle sensors 160, and a remote system 170. The components are communicatively and/or fluidly coupled as described below to perform engagement verification and controlled inflation.
[036] The seatbelt assembly 110 functions as the primary occupant restraint structure. The seatbelt assembly 110 is communicatively coupled to the control unit 120 to transmit sensor signals corresponding to belt engagement status. The seatbelt assembly 110 further includes an inflatable structure fluidly coupled to the inflation assembly 130 for controlled expansion during a vehicle event.
[037] The control unit 120 serves as a processing and control module for the system 100. The control unit 120 may include a microcontroller or microprocessor, memory storing executable instructions, analog-to-digital conversion circuitry, and output driver circuitry. The control unit 120 is configured to receive sensor data from the seatbelt assembly 110 and event data from the vehicle sensors 160. Based on stored logic and predefined thresholds, the control unit 120 determines engagement status of the belt and controls activation of the inflation assembly 130.
[038] The inflation assembly 130 is fluidly coupled to the inflatable structure 118 and is managed by the control unit 120 to provide controlled inflation. This assembly features a dual gas system, consisting of a first inflation module 132 and a second inflation module 134, each optimized for different vehicle event scenarios. The first inflation module 132 is configured for high-pressure inflation, designed for rapid deployment during severe impacts, while the second inflation module 134 handles low-pressure inflation for moderate deceleration events. This dual-module approach ensures that the seat belt assembly 110 can respond appropriately to a spectrum of forces, from minor jolts to major collisions, providing proportional protection. The inflation assembly 130 is a critical component for the dynamic safety features of the seatbelt system 100, providing the necessary pressure and flow rate for the inflatable structure 118.
[039] The first inflation module 132 is specifically designed for high-pressure inflation events, typically associated with sudden accidents or high-impact collisions. This module comprises a high-pressure gas canister, which can be stored beneath the seat and is configured to rapidly release compressed air into the inflatable structure 118. The design ensures inflation occurs within microseconds, providing immediate cushioning and injury prevention. A notable feature of the first inflation module 132 is its one-time-use nature, allowing for easy replacement of the canister without requiring the removal of the entire seatbelt assembly 110. The gas canister may contain compressed inert gases such as argon or nitrogen, which are stable and provide rapid expansion upon release.
[040] The second inflation module 134 is configured for low-pressure inflation, addressing moderate deceleration events such as hard braking. This module includes an elastic bladder, fluidly coupled to the inflatable structure 118, which gently inflates the belt by a small margin, for example, around 5 mm. This subtle inflation enhances both occupant comfort and safety during less severe events. A distinctive characteristic of the second inflation module 134 is its self-refilling capability, achieved through a passive suction mechanism. This mechanism allows the bladder to automatically restore itself after each use, making it maintenance-free and reusable by drawing air from a high-pressure zone to a low-pressure zone. The elastic bladder can be made of resilient materials like silicone or specific polymers that maintain their elasticity over many inflation and deflation cycles. An alternative embodiment for the second inflation module 134 might utilize a small, low-power electric pump in conjunction with a pressure sensor to achieve precise, gentle inflation and deflation, offering more controlled adjustments.
[041] The pump 140 is attached to the inflatable tubes, facilitating the introduction of air into the inflatable structure 118. While the primary rapid inflation during emergencies is handled by the dual gas system of the inflation assembly 130, the pump 140 can contribute to maintaining baseline pressure within the inflatable structure 118 or assist in controlled deflation mechanisms. The pump 140 can be a miniature air pump, electrically driven and controlled by the control unit 120. Its operation is integral for regulating the internal pressure of the inflatable elements, complementing the rapid deployment capabilities of the first inflation module 132 and the passive refilling of the second inflation module 134.
[042] The vehicle interface 150 provides the communication link between the control unit 120 of the seatbelt system 100 and other vehicle systems. This interface allows the control unit 120 to receive critical data from vehicle sensors 160, such as speed, acceleration, deceleration, and impact detection information. Furthermore, the vehicle interface 150 enables the transmission of signals from the control unit 120 to activate dashboard alerts upon detecting improper engagement of the belt body 112, ensuring the occupant is promptly notified. The vehicle interface 150 can also transmit external notification signals to a remote system 170 during high-impact vehicle events, facilitating emergency response. The vehicle interface 150 may utilize various communication protocols, including CAN bus, Ethernet, or other vehicle-specific communication networks, to ensure seamless data exchange.
[043] The vehicle sensors 160 are external to the seatbelt assembly 110 but are communicatively coupled to the control unit 120 via the vehicle interface 150. These sensors are essential for detecting vehicle events, including sudden deceleration, impacts, rollovers, and other conditions that necessitate activation of the seatbelt system’s safety features. The data from the vehicle sensors 160 allows the control unit 120 to differentiate between various types of vehicle events, enabling it to select the appropriate inflation response from the inflation assembly 130. For instance, an accelerometer might detect rapid deceleration indicating moderate braking, while an impact sensor would signal a high-impact collision. Vehicle sensors 160 can include accelerometers, gyroscopes, pressure sensors, and radar/lidar systems.
[044] The remote system 170 is external to the vehicle and is communicatively coupled to the control unit 120 through the vehicle interface 150. In the event of a high-impact vehicle event detected by the vehicle sensors 160 and processed by the control unit 120, an external notification signal is transmitted to the remote system 170. This notification can be directed to emergency services, a call center, or a designated contact, enabling prompt rescue and assistance. The capability to automatically contact emergency personnel saves valuable time, which can be life-saving in severe accidents. The remote system 170 typically operates over cellular networks, satellite communication, or other wireless technologies to ensure reliable connectivity regardless of the vehicle's location.
[045] In one embodiment, the control unit 120 executes stored program instructions to perform restraint verification and inflation control. The control unit 120 may include a processor, non-transitory memory storing executable instructions, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and input/output driver circuitry for valves, actuators, pumps, and alert devices. The control unit 120 receives sensor inputs, processes the inputs according to stored logic, and generates output control signals.
[046] Each capacitive sensor 116 generates an analog signal corresponding to a capacitance value that varies in response to contact pressure or proximity between the belt body 112 and the occupant. The analog signals are routed to the control unit 120 and sampled at a predetermined sampling rate, which may range, for example, from approximately 100 Hz to 2 kHz. The control unit 120 converts the analog signals to digital values using the ADC. The digital values may be filtered using a digital low-pass filter to reduce noise and transient fluctuations. In one embodiment, a moving average filter or finite impulse response (FIR) filter is applied. The processed values are stored in memory and may form a pressure distribution map corresponding to the plurality of sensor zones.
[047] The control unit 120 determines belt engagement status by evaluating the sensor zone data. Threshold values corresponding to each sensor zone may be predefined and stored in memory. Real-time sensor readings are compared to the stored threshold values to determine whether contact is present in each zone. Proper engagement may be identified when a minimum number of zones exceed their respective thresholds and when the relative distribution of detected pressure falls within a predefined acceptable range. Improper engagement may be identified when one or more required zones do not exceed threshold values or when the detected pressure distribution deviates from stored engagement patterns. Pattern comparison may be performed using threshold logic, weighted zone comparison, lookup table comparison, or statistical deviation calculations. If improper engagement is detected while a buckle status signal indicates that the belt is latched, the control unit 120 generates an alert signal.
[048] The control unit 120 also receives vehicle event data from vehicle sensors 160 through the vehicle interface 150. The received data may include longitudinal acceleration, lateral acceleration, angular rate, and impact sensor signals. The control unit 120 continuously monitors acceleration magnitude and duration. In one embodiment, a moderate deceleration event is identified when longitudinal deceleration exceeds a first predefined threshold for a predetermined duration. A high-impact event is identified when acceleration exceeds a second threshold greater than the first threshold or when an impact sensor produces a deployment signal. The threshold values may be stored in memory. Event classification may be performed using magnitude comparison, time-over-threshold logic, or multi-sensor fusion combining acceleration and impact signals.
[049] Upon classification of a vehicle event, the control unit 120 executes an inflation control routine. If a high-impact event is detected, the control unit 120 activates a driver circuit to actuate a valve or release mechanism associated with the first inflation module 132, thereby directing gas into the inflatable structure 118. If a moderate deceleration event is detected, the control unit 120 activates the second inflation module 134 to inflate the inflatable structure to a pressure level lower than that provided by the first inflation module. Inflation regulation may be achieved through timed valve actuation, flow restriction, or closed-loop feedback control.
[050] In an embodiment including a pressure sensor within the inflatable structure 118, the control unit 120 may perform closed-loop pressure control. The control unit reads an internal pressure value, compares the measured value to a target pressure value stored in memory, and adjusts valve position or pump operation until the target pressure is reached. Inflation may be terminated once the target pressure is achieved or when a predefined timeout condition occurs.
[051] Following activation of the second inflation module 134, a passive refill mechanism may restore the module to a ready state through elastic recovery and one-way valve operation. The control unit 120 may monitor readiness status using a pressure sensor, position sensor, or other feedback mechanism. Following deployment of the first inflation module 132, the control unit 120 may log deployment data in memory and disable further activation of the first module until replacement of the gas source is detected.
[052] If improper engagement is detected, the control unit 120 may activate an audible or visual alert through the vehicle interface 150. If a high-impact event is detected, the control unit 120 may transmit an event signal to the remote system 170 via a communication module. The transmitted signal may include event classification data, system status information, and identification data.
[053] The control unit 120 may receive power from the vehicle electrical system and may include a backup power source to permit continued operation in the event of interruption of primary vehicle power following a collision.
[054] FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the seat belt assembly 110. The seat belt assembly 110 forms the primary physical restraint interface with an occupant and is configured to provide restraint, engagement verification, and controlled inflation capability. The seat belt assembly 110 includes a belt body 112, a resilient padding layer 114, an outer layer 115, a plurality of sensors 116, and an inflatable structure 118 arranged in layered configuration.
[055] The belt body 112 forms the primary load-bearing structure of the seat belt assembly 110. The belt body 112 is configured to restrain an occupant during vehicle operation and impact events. In one embodiment, the belt body 112 is formed from woven nylon webbing. In alternative embodiments, the belt body 112 may be formed from high-strength polyester, aramid fibers, or other materials suitable for vehicle restraint applications. The belt body 112 is configured to distribute restraint forces across the torso of the occupant.
[056] The resilient padding layer 114 is disposed along at least a portion of the belt body 112. The resilient padding layer 114 may comprise memory foam, elastomeric foam, layered textile cushioning, gel material, or compressible structures capable of transmitting applied force to embedded sensors. The padding layer 114 provides a compliant interface between the belt body 112 and the occupant and also serves as a mounting medium for the sensors 116.
[057] The outer layer 115 encloses the padding layer 114 and internal components. The outer layer 115 may comprise stretchable textile material, woven fabric, or polymer-coated fabric capable of accommodating expansion of the inflatable structure 118. The outer layer 115 protects internal components from wear and environmental exposure while permitting flexibility of the belt assembly.
[058] The plurality of sensors 116 are embedded within or positioned adjacent to the resilient padding layer 114. In one embodiment, the sensors 116 comprise capacitive sensors configured to detect capacitance variation corresponding to applied pressure or contact between the belt body 112 and the occupant. The sensors 116 may be arranged in discrete zones corresponding to a shoulder region, chest region, and abdomen region when the belt is properly worn, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
[059] Each sensor 116 generates an electrical signal corresponding to contact conditions within its respective zone. The signals are transmitted to the control unit 120 for processing. The control unit 120 analyzes the detected pressure distribution to determine whether the belt body 112 is properly routed across the occupant. Improper routing, such as positioning the belt behind the back or under the arm, may result in absence of expected contact in one or more zones.
[060] Alternative sensing embodiments may include piezoresistive sensors, strain gauges, fiber-optic pressure sensors, flexible printed sensor arrays, or tension sensors positioned along edges of the belt body 112 to detect twisting or abnormal loading conditions.
[061] The inflatable structure 118 is integrated within the belt body 112 and may extend along a longitudinal portion of the seat belt assembly 110. The inflatable structure 118 may comprise one or more airtight chambers formed from reinforced polymer film, coated fabric, elastomeric bladder material, or multilayer laminate structures capable of retaining gas under pressure.
[062] The inflatable structure 118 is fluidly coupled to the inflation assembly 130 via one or more gas conduits. Upon receiving an activation signal from the control unit 120, the inflation assembly 130 introduces gas into the inflatable structure 118 to increase its volume. Inflation increases the effective contact area between the belt assembly and the occupant, thereby modifying force distribution during a vehicle event.
[063] In alternative embodiments, the inflatable structure 118 may include multiple independent chambers separated by internal seals. Separate chambers may allow selective inflation of specific regions of the belt assembly depending on event classification or occupant position.
[064] The seat belt assembly 110 is configured to withstand forces associated with vehicle deceleration and collision events. The structural materials and layered configuration are selected to maintain tensile strength, flexibility, and durability under repeated use and dynamic loading conditions.
[065] FIG. 3 illustrates pressure zones on a human body in relation to the seat belt assembly 110. The illustrated regions include shoulder areas 302, a chest region 304, and an abdomen region 306. These regions correspond to areas where the belt body 112 contacts the occupant when properly worn and where sensors 116 may be positioned to detect contact or pressure distribution.
[066] When worn in a conventional three-point configuration, the seat belt assembly 110 extends diagonally across one of the shoulder areas 302 and the chest region 304, and horizontally across the abdomen region 306. The sensors 116 embedded within the belt structure are arranged to detect pressure conditions at these regions to determine whether the belt body 112 is properly routed across the occupant.
[067] The shoulder areas 302 represent upper torso regions where the diagonal portion of the belt body 112 rests. Sensors positioned in this region detect contact corresponding to proper placement over the shoulder. Absence of contact in this region, or abnormal pressure distribution, may indicate that the belt is improperly routed, displaced, or positioned under the arm. Signals corresponding to the shoulder areas 302 are transmitted to the control unit 120 for evaluation.
[068] The chest region 304 corresponds to the central upper torso area where the diagonal belt portion crosses the sternum and ribcage. Sensors positioned in this region detect pressure indicating contact between the belt body 112 and the occupant’s chest. The presence of expected pressure levels in the chest region 304, in combination with signals from other zones, assists the control unit 120 in determining proper engagement. If the chest region 304 fails to register contact while the buckle is latched, the system may determine that the belt is not properly positioned.
[069] The abdomen region 306 corresponds to the lower torso area where the lap portion of the belt body 112 is intended to rest across the pelvic region. Sensors located in this region detect pressure to confirm that the lap portion of the belt is positioned across the pelvis rather than elevated above it. Pressure distribution data from the abdomen region 306 is analyzed together with data from the shoulder and chest regions to evaluate overall engagement status.
[070] In one embodiment, the control unit 120 evaluates the combined pressure distribution across the shoulder areas 302, chest region 304, and abdomen region 306 to determine whether predefined engagement criteria are satisfied. The evaluation may include threshold comparison, pattern matching, or weighted zone analysis as described in connection with the control algorithm.
[071] Alternative embodiments may include additional sensing elements positioned along edges of the belt body 112 to detect twisting or abnormal tension, stretch sensors to detect elongation, or motion sensors to detect abrupt occupant movement. These additional sensing elements may supplement pressure-based verification without altering the basic zonal arrangement illustrated in FIG. 3.
[072] The arrangement shown in FIG. 3 demonstrates one example of zonal sensor positioning. The number, size, and exact placement of sensing zones may vary depending on belt geometry, occupant size considerations, and system configuration.
[073] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart representing operational logic of the seatbelt system 100. The flowchart describes sequential processing performed by the control unit 120 to verify seatbelt engagement and manage inflation response based on detected vehicle conditions.
[074] The process begins at step 402, which represents initialization of the system. Initialization may occur when vehicle power is supplied, when ignition is activated, or when occupant presence is detected. After initialization, the process proceeds to step 404.
[075] At step 404, pressure data is received from the sensors 116 embedded within the seat belt assembly 110. The received signals correspond to pressure or contact distribution across predefined regions of the belt assembly and are transmitted to the control unit 120.
[076] The process then advances to step 406, where the control unit 120 analyzes the received pressure data. This analysis may include signal conditioning, filtering, threshold comparison, and evaluation of pressure distribution patterns. The control unit determines whether the magnitude and distribution of detected pressure satisfy predefined engagement criteria stored in memory.
[077] Following analysis, the process proceeds to step 408, where seatbelt engagement is verified. The control unit compares the analyzed pressure data with stored reference values. If required pressure zones exceed predefined thresholds and the distribution pattern corresponds to proper routing, engagement is confirmed. If one or more required zones fail to satisfy the criteria, the control unit determines that engagement is improper. When improper engagement is detected while a buckle status signal indicates that the belt is latched, the control unit generates an alert through the vehicle interface 150.
[078] While engagement verification is performed, the system also executes monitoring for vehicle events at step 410. During step 410, the control unit receives data from vehicle sensors 160 via the vehicle interface 150. The data may include longitudinal acceleration, lateral acceleration, impact signals, angular rate, or other dynamic vehicle parameters. Monitoring is continuous while the system remains active.
[079] When event-related data satisfies predefined conditions, the process proceeds to step 412, where the control unit determines the vehicle event type. The control unit evaluates the received sensor data against stored threshold values and classifies the event as a high-impact event, a moderate deceleration event, or no qualifying event.
[080] If a high-impact event is detected at step 412, the process proceeds to step 414. At step 414, the control unit activates the first inflation module 132 of the inflation assembly 130, causing gas to be introduced into the inflatable structure 118 at a first pressure level. Following activation of the first inflation module, the process proceeds to step 420.
[081] If a moderate deceleration event is detected at step 412, the process proceeds to step 416. At step 416, the control unit activates the second inflation module 134 to inflate the inflatable structure 118 at a second pressure level lower than the first pressure level.
[082] After activation of the second inflation module, the process proceeds to step 418. At step 418, post-inflation handling is performed. In embodiments including a passive refill mechanism, the second inflation module 134 returns to a ready state through elastic recovery and one-way valve operation. In alternative embodiments, restoration may be assisted by a pump or controlled airflow.
[083] The process concludes at step 420, which represents completion of a control cycle. Following step 420, the system may resume monitoring of pressure data and vehicle event conditions. In some embodiments, step 420 may include logging event data or performing a diagnostic routine before returning to the monitoring state.
[084] In one embodiment, a vehicle occupant protection system includes the apparatus integrated within a vehicle and further includes a vehicle interface communicatively coupled to the control unit 120.
[085] The vehicle interface is configured to provide communication between the control unit 120 and one or more vehicle subsystems. The vehicle interface may include a communication controller configured to operate over a vehicle communication network such as a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus, automotive Ethernet network, or other vehicle communication architecture. The vehicle interface may include input/output circuitry, message transceivers, and protocol management logic.
[086] The control unit 120 is communicatively coupled to the vehicle interface and is configured to transmit output signals corresponding to engagement status and detected vehicle events. When the control unit 120 determines that the belt body 112 is improperly engaged based on sensor data from the plurality of sensors, the control unit generates an alert signal. The alert signal is transmitted through the vehicle interface to a dashboard display module or instrument cluster. The dashboard display module may activate a visual indicator, such as a warning icon or text message. In some embodiments, the vehicle interface may additionally activate an audible alert through a vehicle speaker system or a tactile alert through a seat or steering wheel actuator.
[087] In one embodiment, the vehicle occupant protection system further includes a communication module configured to transmit data external to the vehicle. The communication module may be integrated within the vehicle interface or separately coupled to the control unit 120. The communication module may utilize cellular communication, satellite communication, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), Wi-Fi, or other wireless communication protocols.
[088] Upon detection of a high-impact vehicle event, as determined by the control unit 120 based on vehicle sensor data, the control unit generates an external notification signal. The notification signal may include event classification data, timestamp information, system status information, and vehicle identification data. The notification signal is transmitted to a remote system through the communication module.
[089] The remote system may include an emergency response center, fleet monitoring system, insurance processing system, or designated contact endpoint. The remote system may receive and process the transmitted notification signal and may initiate appropriate response procedures.
[090] In some embodiments, the control unit 120 may transmit the external notification signal only after verifying that the high-impact event exceeds a predefined severity threshold stored in memory. In further embodiments, the control unit 120 may attempt repeated transmission if acknowledgment from the remote system is not received within a predefined time interval.
[091] Power for the vehicle interface and communication module may be supplied by the vehicle electrical system, and in some embodiments, a backup power source may be provided to permit transmission of the notification signal following a collision event.
[092] The embodiments of the present disclosure as disclosed herein are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. Other embodiments are possible and modifications may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. As such, these embodiments are only illustrative of the inventive concepts contained herein.
, Claims:We Claim:
1. An apparatus for occupant restraint and verification, comprising:
a belt body configured to restrain an occupant;
a resilient padding layer disposed along the belt body;
a plurality of capacitive sensors embedded within the padding layer and arranged to detect pressure across a plurality of body regions of the occupant;
an inflatable structure integrated within the belt body;
an inflation assembly fluidly coupled to the inflatable structure, the inflation assembly comprising a first inflation module configured for high-pressure inflation and a second inflation module configured for low-pressure inflation; and
a control unit communicatively coupled to the plurality of capacitive sensors and the inflation assembly,
wherein the control unit is configured to verify engagement of the belt body based on pressure data from the plurality of capacitive sensors and to control inflation of the inflatable structure based on a detected vehicle event.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the belt body comprises a central nylon belt and the resilient padding layer comprises a memory foam layer enclosed within a stretchable covering.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of capacitive sensors are arranged in a plurality of pressure zones corresponding to a shoulder region, a chest region, and an abdomen region of the occupant to provide multi-point verification.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein verifying engagement comprises distinguishing a pressure distribution corresponding to direct contact with the occupant’s torso from a pressure distribution indicative of an improperly routed or bypassed belt body.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control unit is further configured to generate an alert signal when the belt body is buckled and pressure is absent in at least one of the plurality of pressure zones.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first inflation module comprises a one-time-use high-pressure gas canister that is removably coupled to the belt body for replacement without removal of the apparatus.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second inflation module comprises an elastic bladder fluidly coupled to the inflatable structure through at least one gas passage, the elastic bladder being configured to gently inflate the inflatable structure during moderate deceleration events and to automatically refill after inflation via a passive suction mechanism.

8. A vehicle occupant protection system, comprising:
the apparatus of claim 1; and
a vehicle interface communicatively coupled to the control unit,
wherein the control unit is further configured to generate a dashboard alert upon detecting improper engagement of the belt body and to transmit an external notification signal to a remote system upon detection of a high-impact vehicle event.

9. A method for verifying seatbelt usage and enhancing occupant safety, comprising:
receiving pressure data from a plurality of capacitive sensors embedded within a padding layer of a seatbelt, the pressure data corresponding to a shoulder region, a chest region, and an abdomen region of an occupant;
analyzing the pressure data to verify proper engagement of the seatbelt based on a detected pressure distribution;
generating an alert signal when the pressure distribution indicates improper engagement of the seatbelt; and
detecting a vehicle event selected from a high-impact event and a moderate deceleration event.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
activating a first inflation module to rapidly inflate an inflatable structure within the seatbelt in response to detecting the high-impact event;
activating a second inflation module to gently inflate the inflatable structure in response to detecting the moderate deceleration event;
automatically refilling the second inflation module via a passive suction mechanism after inflation; and
transmitting a notification to emergency services upon detection of the high-impact event.