Description:FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to an autonomous sugarcane farming system that is capable of performing cultivation, planting, irrigation, and crop maintenance operations efficiently, enabling precision farming and optimized management throughout the sugarcane growth cycle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Sugarcane farming plays a vital role in agriculture, providing raw material for sugar, biofuels, and other industries while supporting rural livelihoods. The importance lies in optimizing yield, ensuring sustainable land use, and enhancing economic stability for farmers. In real-life scenarios, adopting efficient cultivation practices helps manage irrigation, nutrient application, and pest control, leading to healthier crops, higher productivity, and consistent supply. The practices empower farmers to adapt to climate variations, reduce losses, and contribute to regional food security, rural employment, and also enable consistent supply for sugar production, bioenergy, and related industries, contributing to food security and economic growth in rural communities.

[0003] The traditional sugarcane cultivation relies heavily on manual labor, seasonal planting, and conventional irrigation and fertilization practices. The methods lead to uneven growth, inefficient water use, and lower crop yields. Pest and disease management is largely reactive, making crops vulnerable to infestations and losses. Additionally, dependence on weather patterns and limited monitoring restricts productivity and sustainability. The practices consume significant time and effort, reduce overall efficiency, and make it difficult for farmers to maintain consistent quality and supply, ultimately limiting profitability and long-term agricultural resilience in sugarcane farming.

[0004] PH12013502259A1 relates to hydraulic, front wheel steering drive compact automatic sugarcane harvester that improves time and yield against the manual harvesting practices. The sugarcane harvester consists of an engine to transmit power to hydraulic system in order to perform different operations for harvesting such as cutting, chopping and carrying the chopped sugarcane to eventually discharge billets of sugarcane stalks in the form of billets.

[0005] CN102204441A discloses an automatic sugarcane planting machine which comprises a traction support, a front case, a rear case and a fixing sheet used for being connected to surfaces of the front case and the rear case, and fixing boards at two sides of the fixing sheet, wherein three ditch plows are arranged in front of the front case; three sugarcane planting furrows are opened at one time, the front case is provided with fertilizer tanks respectively corresponding to the sugarcane planting furrows; the front case and the rear case are respectively provided with a gear and a working/driving mechanism; the rear case is provided with four sugarcane seed boxes corresponding to each sugarcane planting furrow, pesticide and herbicide boxes; the front and the rear edges of every four sugarcane seed boxes are respectively provided with a sugarcane seed plating device; and ground film coating devices are also arranged at the tail parts of the cases corresponding to the sugarcane planting furrows. The automatic sugarcane planting machine has the functions of rowing, planting, fertilizing, pesticide spraying, weed control and ground film coating, and has the advantages of capability of planting three rows of sugarcane seeds at one time, a shorter machine body, suitability for planting sugarcanes in a smaller field, high efficiency and convenience for use.

[0006] Conventionally, many systems disclosed in the prior arts provides a means for cultivating sugarcane that rely on manual labor, seasonal practices, and conventional irrigation and fertilization methods. These existing devices are labor-intensive, inconsistent, and highly dependent on climatic conditions, resulting in uneven crop growth and reduced yield. Moreover, the reliance limits productivity, lowers resource efficiency, and hinders farmers from achieving stable output and long-term agricultural sustainability.

[0007] In order to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, there exists a need in the art to develop a system that requires to be capable of independently executing land preparation, sowing, watering, and crop care with high accuracy and efficiency. Additionally, the developed system also needs to support precision cultivation, optimize resource utilization, and ensure consistent supervision throughout the sugarcane growth cycle, thereby enhancing yield, sustainability, and overall farm productivity.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The principal object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0009] An object of the present invention is to develop a system that enables fully autonomous sugarcane cultivation, from soil preparation to crop maintenance, with minimal human intervention.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to develop a system that enhances precision and efficiency in planting, irrigation, and crop management, ensuring consistent growth and optimized resource utilization.

[0011] Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a system that monitors and adapts to field conditions, supporting sustainable farming practices and improving overall crop yield.

[0012] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent upon further review of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0013] The present invention relates to an autonomous sugarcane farming system that is capable of executing multiple cultivation activities with minimal human involvement. In addition, the system also supports precise field operations, efficient resource utilization, and consistent crop management throughout various stages of sugarcane cultivation.

[0014] According to an aspect of the present invention, an autonomous sugarcane farming system, comprises a cuboidal shaped bot, a plurality of motorized omnidirectional wheels with the bot to enable movement in any direction, a rotary encoder with each wheel to monitor speed, direction, and distance travelled, an environmental sensing module on top surface of the bot to enable unobstructed exposure to ambient conditions, an ambient temperature sensor with the module to detect atmospheric temperature, a humidity sensor with the bot to detect atmospheric moisture levels, a barometric pressure sensor with the bot to monitor pressure variation, a GPS module on the top surface of the bot to track the bot’s position and guide movement within the farm, a soil testing arrangement with the bot to analyze soil conditions, a multi-sectioned compartment with the bot to store nutrients, pesticides, and insecticides, an extendible conduits with each sectioned compartment for dispensing respective material, and a crop monitoring arrangement with the bot to monitor leaf color, plant height, canopy density, and overall growth uniformity.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, the system further comprises a sensory data from the plurality of environmental sensors with the bot is analyzed to delay sowing or trenching operations during rainfall or excessive soil moisture, adjust irrigation quantity based on humidity, rainfall, and temperature conditions, modify nutrient, pesticide dispensing schedules, and regulate speed and tool engagement under adverse weather conditions, an IMU sensor with the bot to monitor orientation, tilt, and vibration of the bot, a proximity sensors on the periphery of the bot to detect obstacles, a linear encoder in the first telescopic to measure penetration depth, a soil parameter sensors with the bot to determine real-time soil conditions in relation to the sugarcane growth stage, for determining irrigation and nutrient needs, a solenoid valve in each conduit with the bot for controlled dispensing of stored material, a first weight sensor with the bot to monitor material quantity, and a flow sensor in each conduit to regulate dispensing quantity.

[0016] While the invention has been described and shown with particular reference to the preferred embodiment, it will be apparent that variations might be possible that would fall within the scope of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:
Figure 1 illustrates an isometric view of an autonomous sugarcane farming system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The following description includes the preferred best mode of one embodiment of the present invention. It will be clear from this description of the invention that the invention is not limited to these illustrated embodiments but that the invention also includes a variety of modifications and embodiments thereto. Therefore, the present description should be seen as illustrative and not limiting. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, it should be understood, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

[0019] In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms "comprising," "comprises,” and the like (which are synonymous with "including," "having” and "characterized by") may be replaced by the respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of," consists essentially of," and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting of," "consists of, the like.

[0020] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” designate both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only.

[0021] The present invention relates to an autonomous sugarcane farming system that is capable of performing end-to-end agricultural operations including soil preparation, planting, irrigation, and crop maintenance with minimal human intervention. Additionally, the system also enables precision-based cultivation, improves operational efficiency, and supports optimized resource utilization throughout the sugarcane growth cycle.

[0022] Referring to Figure 1, an isometric view of an autonomous sugarcane farming system is illustrated, comprising a cuboidal shaped bot 101 mounted on motorized omnidirectional wheels 102, a pin-shaped probe 103 mounted at a distal end of a first telescopic arm 104 installed on the bot 101, a multi-sectioned compartment 105 integrated with extendible conduits 106 having a solenoid valve 107 installed on top of the bot 101, a water storage chamber 108 connected to a plurality of nozzles 109 via a conduit 110 installed on the bot 101, an auger screw digger 111 mounted on a second telescopic arm 112 connected via a motorized ball and socket joint 113 installed with the bot 101.

[0023] Figure 1 further illustrates a bud storage chamber 114 mounted on the bot 101, a first clamp 115 mounted on a third telescopic arm 116 installed on the bot 101, a flap 117 integrated with a fourth telescopic arm 118 installed on the bot 101 via a second motorized ball and socket joint 119, a motorized roller 120 wrapped with biodegradable sheets 121 installed on the bot 101, a second clamp 122 mounted on a linear slider 123 integrated on the bot 101, a blade 124 mounted on the linear slider 123, a punching assembly 125 installed on the slider 123, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered RGB camera 126 and a multispectral camera 127 mounted on the bot 101, a plurality of cutting blades 128 attached to a plurality of fifth telescopic arms 129 via hinge joints 130 installed on the bot 101, a pair of clamping units 131 mounted on the bot 101.

[0024] The system disclosed herein comprises of a cuboidal shaped bot 101. The cuboidal shaped bot 101 is designed with a rigid, load-bearing frame having flat vertical and horizontal faces to ensure structural stability and balanced weight distribution during field operations. In an embodiment of the present, the bot’s body is fabricated from corrosion-resistant metal alloys or reinforced composite materials, providing durability against moisture, soil contact, and outdoor environmental conditions while supporting multiple agricultural attachments.

[0025] An environmental sensing module is positioned on top surface of the bot 101 to enable unobstructed exposure to ambient conditions. The environmental module includes an ambient temperature sensor to detect atmospheric temperature, a humidity sensor to detect atmospheric moisture levels, a barometric pressure sensor to monitor pressure variation, a rain detection sensor to detect rain and a wind speed and wind direction sensor to detect wind and direction of the wind.

[0026] When activated by a processing unit associated with the system, the ambient temperature sensor operates using a temperature-dependent sensing element whose electrical resistance output varies proportionally with surrounding air temperature. The processing unit supplies a reference excitation signal and periodically samples the sensor output. The sensed variations are converted into calibrated digital temperature values through signal conditioning and analog-to-digital conversion. The processing unit processes the temperature data to assess atmospheric conditions and support environment-based operational decisions.

[0027] The humidity sensor functions on a hygroscopic sensing element that changes its electrical characteristics in response to moisture content in the surrounding air. Upon activation by the processing unit, a controlled excitation signal is applied to the sensing element. Changes in capacitance caused by absorbed water vapour are detected and converted into electrical signals. The processing unit digitizes, calibrates, and interprets these signals to determine real-time atmospheric humidity levels.

[0028] The barometric pressure sensor employs a micro-fabricated pressure-sensitive diaphragm that deforms in response to changes in ambient air pressure. This deformation alters the electrical output of embedded sensing elements. The processing unit provides power, reads the sensor output through an interface circuit, and converts the signals into precise pressure values. The processed pressure data is used to monitor pressure variations and changing weather conditions.

[0029] The rain detection sensor operates by monitoring changes in electrical conductivity across a sensing surface exposed to precipitation. When raindrops contact the surface, the electrical characteristics of the sensor change measurably. The processing unit continuously samples the sensor output, filters noise, and determines the presence and intensity of rainfall. This information enables timely modification or suspension of field operations during precipitation events.

[0030] The wind speed and wind direction sensor measures airflow movement using electronically responsive elements that react to wind force and orientation. Wind-induced motion generates proportional electrical signals representing speed and directional angle. The processing unit receives these signals, performs signal conditioning and digital conversion, and calculates real-time wind parameters. The derived data supports operational stability control and environmental assessment during outdoor deployment.

[0031] The sensory data from the plurality of environmental sensors is analyzed to delay sowing or trenching operations during rainfall or excessive soil moisture, adjust irrigation quantity based on humidity, rainfall, and temperature conditions, modify nutrient, pesticide dispensing schedules, and regulate speed and tool engagement under adverse weather conditions.

[0032] A GPS (Global Positioning System) module is mounted on the top surface of the bot 101 to track the bot’s position and guide movement within the farm. When activated by the processing unit, the GPS module receives radio-frequency signals transmitted by multiple navigation satellites. The GPS module determines signal time delays and satellite positions to compute precise geographic coordinates using trilateration. The processing unit initializes the module, synchronizes timing, and reads the calculated latitude, longitude, and altitude data through a communication interface. The processing unit further filters and validates the positional data to enable accurate navigation, path planning, and location-based operational control within the agricultural field.

[0033] An IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor is integrated on the bot 101 to monitor orientation, tilt, and vibration of the bot 101. The IMU sensor measures motion parameters using integrated accelerometers and gyroscopes. The accelerometers detect linear acceleration along multiple axes, while the gyroscopes measure angular velocity and rotational movement. The processing unit supplies power, reads raw motion data, and applies sensor fusion and calibration protocols to compute orientation, tilt, and vibration states. The processed IMU data enables the processing unit to maintain stability, detect uneven terrain, and regulate movement dynamics.

[0034] A plurality of proximity sensors is mounted on the periphery of the bot 101 to detect obstacles. The proximity sensors emit electromagnetic signals toward nearby objects and measure the reflected signals to determine distance. The time delay or signal intensity variation is converted into electrical signals proportional to object proximity. The processing unit continuously samples these signals, performs threshold comparison, and identifies obstacles in real time. Based on the interpreted proximity data, the processing unit initiates collision avoidance actions and adjusts movement to ensure safe autonomous navigation.

[0035] The data from the GPS module and the sensors is used to perform location-based crop monitoring within the sugarcane field. Based on the data from proximity sensor and the GPS module, the processing unit actuates a plurality of motorized omnidirectional wheels 102 mounted beneath the bot 101 to enable movement in any direction, each wheel 102 integrated with rotary encoder to monitor speed, direction, and distance travelled.

[0036] Each motorized omnidirectional wheel 102 operates using an independent electric drive motor coupled with multiple passive rollers arranged around the wheel 102 circumference. The processing unit generates precise motor control signals to regulate rotational speed and direction of each wheel 102 independently. Coordinated control of all wheels 102 enables lateral, diagonal, rotational, and linear motion without reorientation of the bot 101.

[0037] A soil testing arrangement is installed on the bot 101 to analyze soil conditions, the arrangement includes a pin-shaped probe 103 mounted at a distal end of a first telescopic arm 104. The first telescopic arm 104 operates through a motor-driven linear extension and retraction means. The processing unit controls the motor to extend the first telescopic arm 104 downward toward the soil surface with precise speed and position regulation. Structural guides maintain axial alignment and mechanical stability during movement. Feedback signals related to arm 104 position are continuously monitored by the processing unit, enabling controlled penetration, safe retraction, and accurate positioning of the probe 103 during soil analysis operations.

[0038] The probe 103 is embedded with soil moisture sensor, soil pH sensor, NPK nutrient sensor, soil temperature sensor, and electrical conductivity sensor. The soil moisture sensor operates on a capacitive sensing principle, wherein the dielectric properties of surrounding soil change with moisture content. These changes alter the capacitance between sensing electrodes embedded in the probe 103. The processing unit supplies an excitation signal, measures the resulting electrical response, and converts it into a digital moisture value through signal conditioning. The processing unit interprets the moisture data to assess soil water availability and support irrigation-related decisions.

[0039] The soil pH sensor measures hydrogen ion concentration using an electrochemical sensing element exposed to the soil. Variations in soil acidity generate corresponding electrical potential differences at the sensor interface. The processing unit powers the sensor, amplifies the low-level signal, and performs analog-to-digital conversion. The digitized pH values are calibrated and analyzed by the processing unit to evaluate soil suitability and nutrient management requirements.

[0040] The NPK nutrient sensor detects nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels using ion-selective sensing elements embedded within the probe 103. Each nutrient generates a distinct electrical response proportional to its concentration in the soil. The processing unit sequentially reads these signals, applies calibration models, and converts them into quantitative nutrient values. The processed data allows the processing unit to determine nutrient deficiencies or excesses and optimize fertilizer dispensing schedules.

[0041] The soil temperature sensor operates using a temperature-sensitive element whose electrical resistance varies with soil temperature. The processing unit supplies a reference current and measures the resulting voltage variation. These measurements are converted into accurate temperature values through internal calibration and digital conversion. The processing unit correlates soil temperature data with moisture and nutrient readings to assess root-zone conditions and support growth-stage-specific agronomic decisions.

[0042] The electrical conductivity sensor measures the ability of the soil to conduct electrical current, which is influenced by dissolved salts and ion concentration. A controlled electrical signal is applied across sensor electrodes, and the resulting current flow is measured. The processing unit processes the sensed values to compute soil conductivity levels. This data is used by the processing unit to evaluate soil salinity and overall nutrient mobility within the soil profile.

[0043] A linear encoder is embedded in the first telescopic arm 104 to measure penetration depth, the data from the soil parameter sensors is used to determine real-time soil conditions in relation to the sugarcane growth stage for determining irrigation and nutrient needs. The linear encoder integrated within the first telescopic arm 104 measures the precise extension and retraction distance of the arm 104. The encoder generates position signals corresponding to linear displacement during arm 104 movement. The processing unit continuously reads these signals to calculate penetration depth of the probe 103 in real time. This positional data enables the processing unit to correlate soil sensor readings with specific depth levels, ensuring accurate and depth-referenced soil analysis.

[0044] Further, a multi-sectioned compartment 105 is installed on the bot 101 to store nutrients, pesticides, and insecticides. The multi-sectioned compartment 105 is formed as a rigid enclosure divided into multiple isolated sections, each configured to separately store agricultural inputs such as nutrients, pesticides, or insecticides. The compartment 105 is fabricated from chemically resistant materials to prevent corrosion and cross-contamination. Its modular structure enables independent filling, monitoring, and controlled dispensing of stored materials during autonomous field operations.

[0045] A first weight sensor is embedded in each section of the compartment 105 to monitor material quantity. The weight sensor operates using a load-sensitive element that converts applied mass into proportional electrical signals. The processing unit continuously receives these signals and performs calibration and signal conditioning to determine the real-time quantity of material stored in each compartment 105 section. Variations in weight during dispensing are detected and analyzed by the processing unit, enabling accurate monitoring of consumption levels and ensuring precise material management.

[0046] Each section of the compartment 105 is integrated with extendible conduits 106 for dispensing respective material. Each extendible conduit 106 operates through a mechanically guided extension means that directs stored material toward a targeted dispensing location. The processing unit regulates extension length, deployment timing, and retraction based on operational requirements. Internal channels within the conduit 106 allow smooth flow of liquid or granular material. Controlled actuation ensures accurate placement while preventing leakage, blockage, or unintended discharge during movement.

[0047] A solenoid valve 107 is installed in each conduit 106 for controlled dispensing of stored material. Upon activation by the processing unit, the solenoid valve 107 operates using an electromagnetic coil that generates a magnetic field when energized. This magnetic force moves an internal plunger to open or close the fluid passage within the conduit 106. The processing unit precisely controls valve 107 opening duration and timing, allowing regulated flow of stored material. Rapid actuation ensures accurate dispensing, minimizes wastage, and enables automated start-stop control synchronized with field operations.

[0048] A flow sensor is integrated in each conduit 106 to regulate dispensing quantity. The flow sensor installed within the conduit 106 measures the rate of material passing through the conduit 106 in real time. The sensor operates using a flow-responsive sensing element that generates electrical signals proportional to the velocity or volume of fluid movement. The processing unit supplies power, continuously reads the sensor output, and converts the signals into calibrated flow rate values. Based on this data, the processing unit regulates dispensing duration and ensures accurate and controlled delivery of materials.

[0049] A water storage and irrigation arrangement is installed on the bot 101, includes a water storage chamber 108 connected to a plurality of nozzles 109 via a conduit 110 to direct water on the soil. The water storage chamber 108 is a sealed reservoir designed to hold irrigation water for on-demand agricultural use. The water storage chamber 108 is constructed from durable, leak-resistant materials suitable for outdoor environments. Its internal structure supports stable water retention during movement and ensures consistent supply to the conduit 110, enabling uniform and controlled water distribution across the cultivated area.

[0050] The nozzles 109 are in a circular configuration for regular irrigation. The nozzles 109 function by converting pressurized water from the water storage chamber 108 into controlled spray patterns. Internal flow channels and outlet geometries regulate water velocity, dispersion angle, and droplet size. The processing unit controls water delivery duration and pressure conditions, ensuring uniform irrigation coverage. Coordinated nozzle 109 operation enables efficient distribution while preventing over-irrigation and supporting precise water management based on field requirements.

[0051] A trench formation arrangement is mounted with the bot 101, includes an auger screw digger 111 mounted on a second telescopic arm 112 connected via a first motorized ball and socket joint 113. The auger screw digger 111 operates through a high-torque electric motor that rotates a helical screw along its longitudinal axis. The rotating screw penetrates the soil and displaces soil material outward, forming a continuous trench of controlled depth and width. An integrated rotary encoder monitors and controls auger rotation speed.

[0052] The auger digs an elongated trench of predefined depth and width, optimized for the precise placement and sowing of sugarcane sets. The processing unit regulates rotational speed and operational duration while monitoring feedback signals to maintain uniform trench geometry. The second telescopic arm 112 works internally in the similar manner as the first telescopic arm 104 operates.

[0053] The first motorized ball and socket joint 113 enables multi-axis movement of the second telescopic arm 112. Integrated drive motors adjust angular orientation by rotating the spherical joint along multiple degrees of freedom. The processing unit issues coordinated control signals to position the auger accurately relative to the ground surface. Continuous feedback allows smooth articulation, precise alignment, and stable positioning during trench formation under varying terrain conditions.

[0054] Further, a sugarcane bud storage and placement arrangement is installed on the bot 101, includes a bud storage chamber 114 and a first clamp 115 mounted on a third telescopic arm 116 to pick and accurately place sugarcane sets into the prepared trench. The bud storage chamber 114 is a dedicated enclosure configured to hold sugarcane buds prior to sowing. The chamber 114 is fabricated from durable, non-reactive materials to prevent damage and contamination of the buds. Its internal layout supports orderly storage and easy access, enabling reliable retrieval of individual buds during automated placement operations.

[0055] The first clamp 115 operates using a motor-driven gripping means that opens and closes opposing jaws to securely hold the sugarcane bud. The processing unit regulates gripping force to prevent mechanical damage while ensuring stable retention. Feedback signals are continuously monitored to confirm successful engagement. Controlled actuation allows accurate pickup, transport, and release of the bud at the designated trench location. The third telescopic arm 116 works internally in the similar manner as the first telescopic arm 104 operates.

[0056] A first pressure sensor is integrated into the first clamp 115 to regulate the gripping force. The pressure sensor measures the gripping force applied to a sugarcane bud. The sensor operates using a force-responsive sensing element that generates electrical signals proportional to applied pressure between the clamp 115 jaws. The processing unit continuously receives and digitizes these signals, compares them against predefined thresholds, and dynamically adjusts clamp 115 actuation. This closed-loop control prevents excessive force, avoids bud damage, and ensures secure yet gentle gripping during handling and placement.

[0057] A second proximity sensor is integrated on the third telescopic arm 116 to guarantee precise placement and alignment. The second proximity sensor works internally in the similar manner as the plurality of proximity sensor disclosed above.

[0058] A soil covering arrangement is installed on the bot 101, includes a flap 117 integrated with a fourth telescopic arm 118 connected to the bot 101 via a second motorized ball and socket joint 119. The flap 117 is a rigid soil-engaging member designed to guide displaced soil back into the trench after bud placement. The flap 117 is fabricated from wear-resistant material suitable for repeated ground contact. The shape and orientation of the flap 117 allow uniform soil coverage, supporting proper embedding of the buds and promoting stable soil compaction along the trench. The fourth telescopic arm 118 works internally in the similar manner as the first telescopic arm 104 operates and the second motorized ball and socket joint 119 works internally in the similar manner as the first motorized ball and socket joint 113 operates.

[0059] A second pressure sensor is integrated on the flap 117 to control the downward force of the flap 117. The second pressure sensor works internally in the similar manner as the first pressure sensor operates. Further, a second weight sensor is integrated on the flap 117 to monitor the amount of soil being spread along the trench by the flap 117, the flap 117 is automatically activated after sowing. The second weight sensor works internally in the similar manner as the first weight sensor operates.

[0060] A sheet dispensing arrangement is integrated with the bot 101, includes a motorized roller 120 wrapped with biodegradable sheets 121 that are deployed by employing a second clamp 122 mounted on the bot 101. The biodegradable sheets 121 are formed from eco-friendly polymeric or organic composite materials designed to naturally decompose in soil over time. The sheets 121 are flexible yet sufficiently strong to cover trenches after sowing. They assist in moisture retention, weed suppression, and soil temperature regulation while allowing gradual degradation without leaving harmful residues in the agricultural field.

[0061] The motorized roller 120 rotates to unwind the biodegradable sheet 121 in a controlled manner. The processing unit regulates motor speed and rotation duration to ensure uniform sheet 121 deployment along the trench length. Torque control prevents tearing or excessive tension in the sheet 121. Coordinated roller 120 movement enables smooth, wrinkle-free dispensing of the sheet 121 while synchronizing with the forward movement of the bot 101. The second clamp 122 works internally in the similar manner as the first clamp 115 operates.

[0062] The second clamp 122 is mounted on a linear slider 123 integrated with the bot 101. When activated by the processing unit, the linear slider 123 operates through a motor-driven linear motion means that enables precise back-and-forth translation along a predefined path. The processing unit commands the slider 123 position, speed, and stopping points with high accuracy. Structural guides ensure stable motion and alignment. This controlled linear movement supports accurate positioning of attached components during cutting and punching operations.

[0063] A blade 124 mounted on the linear slider 123 to cut the sheet 121. The blade 124 mounted on the linear slider 123 moves into a cutting position and applies controlled force to sever the deployed biodegradable sheet 121. The processing unit synchronizes blade 124 movement with slider 123 translation to achieve precise cutting aligned with trench dimensions. Controlled actuation ensures clean separation without tearing, enabling accurate sheet 121 length customization during autonomous deployment. Post deployment of the sheet 121, the blade 124 translates on the linear slider 123 to cut the sheet 121 according to the dimensions of the trench.

[0064] Further, a punching assembly 125 is associated with the slider 123 to punch holes in the sheet 121 to enable growth of the buds through the sheet 121. The punching assembly 125 operates using a motorized punching element that penetrates the deployed biodegradable sheet 121 at predefined intervals. The processing unit controls punch timing, spacing, and depth to create uniform openings. These openings enable emerging sugarcane buds to grow through the sheet 121. Controlled punching ensures consistency, prevents sheet 121 damage, and supports healthy crop emergence.

[0065] A crop monitoring arrangement is installed on the bot 101, includes an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered RGB camera 126 and a multispectral camera 127 to monitor leaf color, plant height, canopy density, and overall growth uniformity. When activated by the processing unit, the AI-powered RGB camera 126 captures high-resolution color images of the crop using an image sensor responsive to red, green, and blue light channels. The processing unit synchronizes image acquisition, performs preprocessing such as noise reduction and normalization, and executes embedded AI protocols to analyze visual features. Extracted parameters such as leaf color variation, plant height, and canopy density are evaluated to assess crop health and growth uniformity.

[0066] The multispectral camera 127 captures images across multiple discrete spectral bands beyond the visible range. Each band is sensed by dedicated photodetectors. The processing unit controls image capture timing, digitizes spectral data, and applies calibration models. By analyzing reflectance patterns across bands, the processing unit derives vegetation indices and growth indicators, enabling detection of plant stress, nutrient deficiency, and overall crop vigor.

[0067] Additionally, a leaf trimming and knotting arrangement is mounted on the bot 101, includes cutting blades 128 attached to a plurality of fifth telescopic arms 129 via hinge joints 130 to trim yellow, dried, or diseased leaves. The cutting blades 128 operate through motor-driven movement to perform controlled trimming actions. The processing unit regulates cutting blade 128 positioning, cutting speed, and actuation timing based on crop condition data. During operation, the cutting blades 128 apply precise shearing force to targeted leaves while maintaining stability. Coordinated control ensures removal of dried, diseased, or excess foliage without damaging healthy plant structures.

[0068] A pair of clamping units 131 to hold the leaves during trimming. When activated by the processing unit, the pair of clamping units 131 operates through synchronized motor-driven gripping means positioned on opposite sides of the target leaves. The processing unit controls the opening, closing, and gripping force of each clamping unit 131 to securely hold the leaves during trimming. Feedback signals are continuously monitored to maintain stable retention without causing damage. Coordinated actuation ensures precise positioning and immobilization of the leaves, enabling accurate cutting and preventing unintended movement during trimming operations.

[0069] The present invention works best in the following manner, where the cuboidal shaped bot 101 as disclosed in the invention is deployed within the sugarcane field and configured to autonomously traverse the agricultural terrain in multiple directions via the motorized omnidirectional wheels 102. The processing unit embedded within the bot 101 governs navigation and coordinated movement to reach predefined operational zones while maintaining stability and alignment across uneven field conditions. Positional and contextual data are continuously evaluated by the GPS module to guide the bot 101 along planned paths within the field. During operation, the soil testing arrangement is selectively actuated at predetermined locations to assess subsurface soil conditions. The processing unit analyzes the obtained soil parameters to evaluate soil suitability and determine depth-specific characteristics relevant to sugarcane cultivation. Based on the analyzed soil data and prevailing environmental conditions, the processing unit determines whether trenching and sowing operations initiated. Once favourable conditions are established, the trench formation arrangement is engaged to create elongated trenches of predefined depth and width along the field.

[0070] In continuation, the trenching operation is dynamically regulated to maintain uniformity despite variations in terrain or soil resistance. Following trench preparation, the sugarcane placement arrangement is actuated to retrieve sugarcane buds from the bud storage chamber 114 and accurately place them into the prepared trenches via the first clamp 115 at controlled spacing and orientation. After placement of the buds, the soil covering arrangement is activated to uniformly spread soil over the planted buds, ensuring proper embedding and stabilization within the trench. Subsequently, the sheet 121 dispensing arrangement deploys the biodegradable sheets 121 over the covered trenches, wherein the sheets 121 are sized and prepared to permit emergence and growth of the planted buds while assisting in moisture retention and weed suppression. Thereafter, the water storage and irrigation arrangement operates to deliver water and agricultural inputs form the multi-sectioned compartment 105 in the regulated manner. The processing unit dynamically adjusts dispensing quantities and timing based on real-time soil and environmental conditions. During crop growth, the crop monitoring arrangement continuously evaluates plant health, growth uniformity, and development status. Based on the analyzed data, the leaf trimming and knotting arrangement is selectively actuated to manage foliage and maintain optimal crop condition.

[0071] Although the field of the invention has been described herein with limited reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternate embodiments of the invention, will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. , Claims:1) An autonomous sugarcane farming system, comprising:
a) a cuboidal shaped bot 101 mounted on motorized omnidirectional wheels 102 to enable movement in any direction, each wheel 102 integrated with rotary encoder to monitor speed, direction, and distance traveled;
b) an environmental sensing module positioned on top surface of the bot 101 to enable unobstructed exposure to ambient conditions, the module includes an ambient temperature sensor to detect atmospheric temperature, a humidity sensor to detect atmospheric moisture levels, a barometric pressure sensor to monitor pressure variation, a rain detection sensor and a wind speed and wind direction sensor;
c) a GPS (Global Positioning System) module mounted on the top surface of the bot 101 to track the bot’s position and guide movement within the farm;
d) a soil testing arrangement to analyze soil conditions, the arrangement includes a pin-shaped probe 103 mounted at a distal end of a first telescopic arm 104, the probe 103 is embedded with soil moisture sensor, soil pH sensor, NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) nutrient sensor, soil temperature sensor, and electrical conductivity sensor;
e) a multi-sectioned compartment 105, each section configured to store nutrients, pesticides, and insecticides, each section integrated with extendible conduits 106 for dispensing respective material;
f) a water storage and irrigation arrangement includes a water storage chamber 108 connected to a conduit 110 and a plurality of nozzles 109, the nozzles 109 in a circular configuration for regular irrigation;
g) a trench formation arrangement includes an auger screw digger 111 mounted on a second telescopic arm 112 connected via a motorized ball and socket joint 113;
h) a sugarcane bud storage and placement arrangement includes a bud storage chamber 114 and a first clamp 115 mounted on a third telescopic arm 116 to pick and accurately place sugarcane sets into the prepared trench;
i) a soil covering arrangement includes a flap 117 integrated with a fourth telescopic arm 118, the fourth arm 118 connected to the bot 101 via a second motorized ball and socket joint 119;
j) a sheet 121 dispensing arrangement includes motorized roller 120 wrapped with biodegradable sheets 121 that are deployed by employing a second clamp 122 mounted on a linear slider 123 and a blade 124 mounted on the linear slider 123, and a punching assembly 125;
k) a crop monitoring arrangement includes an AI-powered RGB camera 126 and a multispectral camera 127 configured to monitor leaf color, plant height, canopy density, and overall growth uniformity;
l) a leaf trimming and knotting arrangement includes cutting blades 128 attached to a plurality of fifth telescopic arms 129 via hinge joints 130 and a pair of clamping units 131; and
m) a processing unit embedded with artificial intelligence (AI) protocols;
wherein the processing unit is operatively coupled to the mechanical and electronic components of the bot 101.

2) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensory data from the plurality of environmental sensors is analyzed to delay sowing or trenching operations during rainfall or excessive soil moisture, adjust irrigation quantity based on humidity, rainfall, and temperature conditions, modify nutrient, pesticide dispensing schedules, and regulate speed and tool engagement under adverse weather conditions.

3) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein an IMU sensor is integrated to monitor orientation, tilt, and vibration of the bot 101 and proximity sensors are mounted on the periphery of the bot 101 to detect obstacles, the data from the GPS module and the sensors is used to perform location-based crop monitoring within the sugarcane field.

4) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a linear encoder is embedded in the first telescopic to measure penetration depth, the data from the soil parameter sensors is used to determine real-time soil conditions in relation to the sugarcane growth stage, for determining irrigation and nutrient needs.

5) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a solenoid valve 107 is installed in each conduit 110 for controlled dispensing of stored material, a first weight sensor is embedded in each section to monitor material quantity, and a flow sensor is integrated in each conduit 110 to regulate dispensing quantity.

6) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auger screw is driven by a high-torque electric motor, an integrated rotary encoder monitors and controls auger rotation speed, the arrangement digs an elongated trench of predefined depth and width, optimized for the precise placement and sowing of sugarcane sets.

7) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first pressure sensor is integrated into the first clamp 115 to regulate the gripping force and a proximity sensor is integrated to guarantee precise placement and alignment.

8) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second pressure sensor is integrated to control the downward force of the flap 117 and a second weight sensor is integrated to monitor the amount of soil being spread along the trench by the flap 117, the flap 117 is automatically activated after sowing.

9) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein post deployment of the sheet 121, the blade 124 translates on the linear slider 123 to cut the sheet 121 according to the dimensions of the trench, post deployment of the sheet 121, the punching assembly 125 is activated to punch holes in the sheet 121 to enable growth of the buds through the sheet 121.

10) The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cutting blades 128 are employed to trim yellow, dried, or diseased leaves and the pair of clamping units 131 holds the leaves during trimming.