Abstract: The objective of the invention is to provide a communication system that can prevent control signals occurring in a mobile communication network from numerously occurring when reducing virtual machines (VMs) in node apparatuses without interrupting services. The communication system of the invention comprises: a communication apparatus (1); and a communication apparatus (2) that uses a plurality of VMs to control a plurality of sessions established between the communication apparatus (1) and the communication apparatus (2). When the communication apparatus (2) has determined that a plurality of sessions currently controlled between the communication apparatus (1) and one of the VMs (3) are to be controlled between the communication apparatus (1) and one of the VMs (4) different from the VM (3) the communication apparatus (2) notifies the communication apparatus (1) of identification information used in the VM (4) and updates the sessions.
1. A communication system comprising: a first communication device, and a second communication device configured to control a plurality 5 of sessions set between the first and second communication devices by using a plurality of VMs, wherein the second communication device notifies, by using a determination that a plurality of sessions that are controlled between the first communication device and a first VM among the plurality of 10 VMs should be controlled in a second VM among the plurality of VMs different from the first VM as a trigger, the first communication device of identification information used in the second VM and updates the sessions. 15
2. The communication system according to Claim 1, wherein the second communication device notifies the first communication device of identification information used in the second VM for the plurality of sessions at a time. 20
3. The communication system according to Claim 1, wherein the second communication device sets common group identification information for the plurality of sessions and notifies the first communication device of the identification information used in the second VM, which newly controls the plurality of sessions for which 25 the group identification information is set, while associating the identification information with the group identification information.
4. The communication system according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein 30 the plurality of sessions include a U-Plane session and a C-Plane session, and the second communication device notifies, by using a fact that 62 the second VM will control the U-Plane session controlled by the first VM as a trigger, the first communication device of the identification information used in the second VM through the C-Plane session.
5. The communication system according to Claim 4, further 5 comprising a third communication device configured to connect with the first and second communication devices through the C-Plane session, wherein the second communication device notifies, by using a fact that the second VM will control the U-Plane session set between the first 10 and second communication devices as a trigger, the first communication device of the identification information used in the second VM through the C-Plane session set between the second and third communication devices. 15
6. The communication system according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the identification information used in the second VM is an IP address or a TEID (Tunnel Endpoint ID).
7. The communication system according to any one of Claims 1 20 to 6, wherein the second communication device comprises a different VM for each interface, the interface being used when the second communication device connects with a counterpart device.
8. The communication system according to Claim 7, wherein the 25 VM comprises a plurality of communication resources used in the second communication device.
9. The communication system according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the first and second communication devices forms a 30 communication system specified under 3GPP.
10. A communication device comprising: 63 control means for controlling a plurality of sessions set between the communication device and another communication device by using a plurality of VMs; notifying, by using a determination that a plurality of sessions that are controlled between the another communication device and a 5 first VM among the plurality of VMs should be controlled in a second VM among the plurality of VMs different from the first VM as a trigger, the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM; and updating the sessions. 10
11. The communication device according to Claim 10, wherein the control means notifies the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM for the plurality of sessions at a time. 15
12. The communication device according to Claim 11, wherein the control means sets common group identification information for the plurality of sessions and notifies the another communication device of the identification information used in the second VM, which newly 20 control the plurality of sessions for which the group identification information is set, while associating the identification information with the group identification information.
13. The communication device according to any one of Claims 25 10 to 12, wherein the plurality of sessions include a U-Plane session and a C-Plane session, and the control means notifies, by using a fact that the second VM will control the U-Plane session controlled by the first VM as a 30 trigger, the another communication device of the identification information used in the second VM through the C-Plane session. 64
14. A communication method comprises: controlling a plurality of sessions set with another communication device by using a plurality of VMs; determining that a plurality of sessions that are controlled between the another communication device and a first VM among the 5 plurality of VMs should be controlled in a second VM among the plurality of VMs different from the first VM; notifying the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM; and updating the sessions. 10
15. The communication method according to Claim 14, further comprising: when notifying the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM, notifying the 15 another communication device of identification information used in the second VM for the plurality of sessions at a time.
16. The communication method according to Claim 14, further comprising: 20 when notifying the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM, setting common group identification information for the plurality of sessions and notifying the another communication device of the identification information used in the second VM, which newly controls the plurality 25 of sessions for which the group identification information is set, while associating the identification information with the group identification information. 17 . The communication method according to Claim 14, further 30 comprising: when notifying the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM, notifying, by using a 65 fact that the second VM will control the U-Plane session controlled by the first VM as a trigger, the another communication device of the identification information used in the second VM through the C-Plane session, wherein the plurality of sessions include a U-Plane session and a 5 C-Plane session. 18 . The communication method according to Claim 14, wherein the identification information used in the second VM is an IP address or a TEID (Tunnel Endpoint ID). 10 19 . The communication method according to Claim 14, wherein the plurality of VMs are a different VM for each interface, the interface being used when connecting with a counterpart device.
DESCRIPTION
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM, COMMUNICATION DEVICE,
COMMUNICATION METHOD, AND NON -TRANS ITORY
COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM STORING PROGRAM
5
Te c h n i c a l Fi e l d
[ 0 0 0 1 ]
Th e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s t o a c ommu n i c a t i o n s ys t em, a
c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e , a c ommu n i c a t i o n me t h o d , a n d a p r o g r am . I n
10 p a r t i c u l a r , t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s t o a c ommu n i c a t i o n s y s t em
i n c l u d i n g a c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e t h a t r e l a y s c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n
t e rmi n a l s , a c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e , a c ommu n i c a t i o n me t h o d , a n d a
p r o g r am.
15 Ba ck g r o u n d Ar t
[ 0 0 0 2 ]
A c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k i n c l u d e s a p l u r a l i t y o f r e l a y d e v i c e s
i n o r d e r t o c a r r y o u t c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t e rmi n a l d e v i c e s . F o r
e x amp l e , i n t h e 3GP P ( 3 r d Ge n e r a t i o n P a r t n e r s h i p P r o j e c t ) f o r l a yi n g
20 d own s t a n d a r d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r mo b i l e c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k s , t h e y
a r e e x ami n i n g a n e two r k c o n f i g u r a t i o n i n wh i c h u s e r t r a f f i c a n d
c o n t r o l t r a f f i c a r e r e l a y e d b y u s i n g n o d e d e v i c e s s u c h a s MMEs
(Mo b i l i t y Ma n a g eme n t En t i t i e s ) , SGWs (S e r v i n g Ga t ewa ys ) , a n d PGWs
(P a c k e t Da t a Ne two r k Ga t ewa ys ) .
25 [ 0 0 0 3 ]
I n r e c e n t y e a r s , i t h a s b e e n e x ami n e d t o e f f i c i e n t l y u s e r e s o u r c e s
o f a n e two r k b y v i r t u a l i z i n g n o d e d e v i c e s f o rmi n g t h e n e two r k . F o r
e x amp l e , a c a s e wh e r e a n o d e d e v i c e u s e s a VM (Vi r t u a l Ma c h i n e ) f o r
e a c h i n t e r f a c e t h r o u g h wh i c h t h e n o d e d e v i c e c o n n e c t s wi t h a n o t h e r
30 n o d e d e v i c e i s e x p l a i n e d h e r e i n a f t e r . Wh e n t r a f f i c b e twe e n t h e n o d e
d e v i c e a n d t h e o t h e r n o d e d e v i c e i n c r e a s e s , a VM f o r p e r f o rmi n g
c ommu n i c a t i o n wi t h t h e o t h e r n o d e d e v i c e i s a d d e d i n t h e n o d e d e v i c e .
F u r t h e r , wh e n t h e t r a f f i c b e twe e n t h e n o d e d e v i c e a n d t h e o t h e r n o d e
d e v i c e d e c r e a s e s , a VM f o r p e r f o rmi n g c ommu n i c a t i o n wi t h t h e o t h e r
35 n o d e d e v i c e i s d e l e t e d a n d t h e d e l e t e d VM ma y b e a d d e d ( i . e . , r e u s e d )
3
a s a VM t h a t u s e d f o r p e r f o rmi n g c ommu n i c a t i o n wi t h a n o t h e r n o d e
d e v i c e . Th e VM ma y b e , f o r e x amp l e , a c ommu n i c a t i o n r e s o u r c e , s u c h
a s a n i n t e r n a l memo r y, d i s p o s e d i n s i d e t h e n o d e d e v i c e . F u r t h e r , t h e
VM i s u s e d a s a p a r t i a l e l eme n t f o r f o rmi n g t h e n o d e d e v i c e . Th a t i s ,
t h e a b o v e - d e s c r i b e d e x amp l e i s b a s e d o n t h e p r e c o n d i t i o n t h a t 5 a
p l u r a l i t y o f i n t e r f a c e s a r e u s e d a s p a r t i a l e l eme n t s i n t h e n o d e d e v i c e
a n d t h e VM c o r r e s p o n d s t o a c ommu n i c a t i o n r e s o u r c e c o n s t i t u t i n g o n e
o f t h e i n t e r f a c e s .
[ 0 0 0 4 ]
10 I n t h i s wa y, b y a d d i n g o r d e l e t i n g a VM a c c o r d i n g t o t h e amo u n t
o f t r a f f i c p r o c e s s e d b y t h e n o d e d e v i c e o r a c c o r d i n g t o o t h e r
c o n d i t i o n s , t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n r e s o u r c e s i n t h e n e two r k c a n b e
e f f i c i e n t l y u s e d . I n No n - p a t e n t Li t e r a t u r e 1 , v i r t u a l i z a t i o n i n a
n e two r k o r i n a n o d e d e v i c e i s s p e c i f i e d a s NFV (Ne two r k F u n c t i o n s
15 Vi r t u a l i z a t i o n ) .
[ 0 0 0 5 ]
No t e t h a t e x amp l e s o f t h e ma i n f a c t o r f o r a d d i n g a VM i n a n o d e
d e v i c e i n c l u d e a c a s e wh e r e t h e r e i s a p o s s i b i l i t y o f t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f
c o n g e s t i o n i n t h e n o d e d e v i c e o r i n t h e wh o l e n e two r k d u e t o a n
20 i n c r e a s e i n t r a f f i c o r t h e l i k e . Wh e n t h e r e i s a p o s s i b i l i t y o f t h e
o c c u r r e n c e o f c o n g e s t i o n , t h e i n c r e a s e i n t r a f f i c c a n b e h a n d l e d b y
a d d i n g a VM. Fo r e x amp l e , i n t h e c a s e wh e r e a mo b i l e c ommu n i c a t i o n
n e two r k i s t a k e n i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n , t r a f f i c t h a t i s t r a n smi t t e d f r om a
t e rmi n a l d e v i c e d u e t o t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f a n e v e n t s u c h a s a n ATTACH
25 i n wh i c h u p o n p owe r - o n o f t h e t e rmi n a l d e v i c e , t h e t e rmi n a l d e v i c e
c o n n e c t s t o t h e mo b i l e c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k o r a h a n d o v e r t h a t
o c c u r s a s t h e t e rmi n a l d e v i c e mo v e s f l ows i n t o a n ewl y - a d d e d VM.
[ 0 0 0 6 ]
On t h e o t h e r h a n d , e x amp l e s o f t h e ma i n f a c t o r f o r d e l e t i n g a
30 VM i n a n o d e d e v i c e i n c l u d e a p u r p o s e o f p r e v e n t i n g wa s t e f u l u s e o f
c ommu n i c a t i o n r e s o u r c e s wh e n t h e p r o c e s s i n g c a p a c i t y o f t h e n o d e
d e v i c e c o n s i d e r a b l y s u r p a s s e s t h e t r a f f i c c a p a c i t y t h e r e o f . Th a t i s , i t
i s p o s s i b l e t o r e d u c e t h e p owe r c o n s ump t i o n a n d r e d u c e t h e
c ommu n i c a t i o n r e s o u r c e s b y e l imi n a t i n g e l e c t r i c p owe r s u p p l i e d t o a
4
VM t h a t h a s b e e n e x c e s s i v e l y ( o r wa s t e f u l l y ) u s e d .
Ci t a t i o n Li s t
No n Pa t e n t Li t e r a tu r e
[ 0 0 0 5 7 ]
No n - p a t e n t Li t e r a t u r e 1 : "Ne two r k F u n c t i o n s Vi r t u a l i s a t i o n - Up d a t e
Wh i t e P a p e r " Oc t o b e r 1 5 - 1 7 , 2 0 1 3 a t t h e " SDN a n d Op e n Fl ow Wo r l d
Co n g r e s s " , F r a n k f u r t -Ge rma n y
No n - p a t e n t Li t e r a t u r e 2 : 3GP P TS 2 3 . 4 0 1 V1 2 . 3 . 0 ( 2 0 1 3 - 1 2 ) 3 r d
10 Ge n e r a t i o n P a r t n e r s h i p P r o j e c t ; Te c h n i c a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n Gr o u p
S e r v i c e s a n d S ys t em As p e c t s ; Ge n e r a l P a c k e t Ra d i o S e r v i c e (GPRS )
e n h a n c eme n t s f o r Ev o l v e d Un i v e r s a l Te r r e s t r i a l Ra d i o Ac c e s s Ne two r k
(E-UTRAN) a c c e s s (Re l e a s e 1 2 )
15 S umma r y o f I n v e n t i o n
Te c h n i c a l Pr o b l em
[ 0 0 0 8 ]
Da t a r e l a t e d t o a s u b s c r i b e r , d a t a r e l a t e d t o a s e s s i o n , o r t h e l i k e
i s a s s o c i a t e d wi t h a VM t h a t i s u s e d i n s i d e a n o d e d e v i c e s u c h a s a n
20 MME, a n SGW a n d a PGW. Th e r e f o r e , i n o r d e r t o d e l e t e a VM wi t h o u t
s u s p e n d i n g a mo b i l e c ommu n i c a t i o n s e r v i c e p r o v i d e d t o a s u b s c r i b e r , i t
i s n e c e s s a r y t o t r a n s f e r d a t a r e l a t e d t o t h e s u b s c r i b e r , d a t e r e l a t e d t o a
s e s s i o n , o r t h e l i k e t o a n o t h e r VM a n d t h e n d e l e t e t h e o r i g i n a l VM
wi t h wh i c h t h e d a t e r e l a t e d t o t h e s u b s c r i b e r o r t h e l i k e i s n o l o n g e r
25 a s s o c i a t e d . Howe v e r , t h e r e i s a p r o b l em t h a t t h e r e a r e n o
s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r s u c h a n o p e r a t i o n i n t h e s t a n d a r d s p e c i f i e d i n t h e
3GP P o r o t h e r c ommu n i c a t i o n s t a n d a r d s .
[ 0 0 0 9 ]
An o b j e c t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s t o p r o v i d e a c ommu n i c a t i o n
30 s ys t em, a c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e , a c ommu n i c a t i o n me t h o d , a n d a
p r o g r am c a p a b l e o f p r e v e n t i n g a n umb e r o f c o n t r o l s i g n a l s , wh i c h
c o u l d o c c u r i n a mo b i l e c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k , f r om o c c u r r i n g wh e n
a VM i s d e l e t e d i n a n o d e d e v i c e wi t h o u t s u s p e n d i n g a s e r v i c e .
5
S o l u t i o n t o Pr o b l em
[ 0 0 1 0 ]
A c ommu n i c a t i o n s ys t em a c c o r d i n g t o a f i r s t a s p e c t o f t h e
p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i n c l u d e s : a f i r s t c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e , a n d a s e c o n d
c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e c o n f i g u r e d t o c o n t r o l a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s 5 e t
b e twe e n t h e f i r s t a n d s e c o n d c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s b y u s i n g a
p l u r a l i t y o f VMs , i n wh i c h t h e s e c o n d c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e n o t i f i e s ,
b y u s i n g a d e t e rmi n a t i o n t h a t a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e c o n t r o l l e d
b e twe e n t h e f i r s t c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e a n d a f i r s t VM amo n g t h e
10 p l u r a l i t y o f VMs s h o u l d b e c o n t r o l l e d i n a s e c o n d VM amo n g t h e
p l u r a l i t y o f VMs d i f f e r e n t f r om t h e f i r s t VM a s a t r i g g e r , t h e f i r s t
c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e o f i d e n t i f i c a t i o n i n f o rma t i o n u s e d i n t h e s e c o n d
VM a n d u p d a t e s t h e s e s s i o n s .
[ 0 0 1 1 ]
15 A c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e a c c o r d i n g t o a s e c o n d a s p e c t o f t h e
p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i n c l u d e s a c o n t r o l u n i t , t h e c o n t r o l u n i t b e i n g
c o n f i g u r e d t o : c o n t r o l a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e
c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e a n d a n o t h e r c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e b y u s i n g a
p l u r a l i t y o f VMs ; a n d n o t i f y, b y u s i n g a d e t e rmi n a t i o n t h a t a p l u r a l i t y
20 o f s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e c o n t r o l l e d b e twe e n t h e a n o t h e r c ommu n i c a t i o n
d e v i c e a n d a f i r s t VM amo n g t h e p l u r a l i t y o f VMs s h o u l d b e c o n t r o l l e d
i n a s e c o n d VM amo n g t h e p l u r a l i t y o f VMs d i f f e r e n t f r om t h e f i r s t VM
a s a t r i g g e r , t h e a n o t h e r c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e o f i d e n t i f i c a t i o n
i n f o rma t i o n u s e d i n t h e s e c o n d VM a n d u p d a t e t h e s e s s i o n s .
25 [ 0 0 1 2 ]
A c ommu n i c a t i o n me t h o d a c c o r d i n g t o a t h i r d a s p e c t o f t h e
p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i n c l u d e s : c o n t r o l l i n g a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t wi t h
a n o t h e r c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e b y u s i n g a p l u r a l i t y o f VMs ;
d e t e rmi n i n g t h a t a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e c o n t r o l l e d b e twe e n t h e
30 a n o t h e r c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e a n d a f i r s t VM amo n g t h e p l u r a l i t y o f
VMs s h o u l d b e c o n t r o l l e d i n a s e c o n d VM amo n g t h e p l u r a l i t y o f VMs
d i f f e r e n t f r om t h e f i r s t VM; n o t i f yi n g t h e a n o t h e r c ommu n i c a t i o n
d e v i c e o f i d e n t i f i c a t i o n i n f o rma t i o n u s e d i n t h e s e c o n d VM; a n d
u p d a t i n g t h e s e s s i o n s .
6
[ 0 0 1 3 ]
A p r o g r am a c c o r d i n g t o a f o u r t h a s p e c t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n
c a u s e s a c omp u t e r t o e x e c u t e : c o n t r o l l i n g a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t
wi t h a n o t h e r c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e b y u s i n g a p l u r a l i t y o f VMs ;
d e t e rmi n i n g t h a t a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e c o n t r o l l e d b e twe e n t 5 h e
a n o t h e r c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e a n d a f i r s t VM amo n g t h e p l u r a l i t y o f
VMs s h o u l d b e c o n t r o l l e d i n a s e c o n d VM amo n g t h e p l u r a l i t y o f VMs
d i f f e r e n t f r om t h e f i r s t VM; n o t i f yi n g t h e a n o t h e r c ommu n i c a t i o n
d e v i c e o f i d e n t i f i c a t i o n i n f o rma t i o n u s e d i n t h e s e c o n d VM; a n d
10 u p d a t i n g t h e s e s s i o n s .
Ad v a n t a g e o u s Ef f e c t s o f I n v en t i o n
[ 0 0 1 4 ]
Ac c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n , i t i s p o s s i b l e t o p r o v i d e a
15 c ommu n i c a t i o n s y s t em, a c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e , a c ommu n i c a t i o n
me t h o d , a n d a p r o g r am c a p a b l e o f p r e v e n t i n g a n umb e r o f c o n t r o l
s i g n a l s , wh i c h c o u l d o c c u r i n a mo b i l e c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k , f r om
o c c u r r i n g wh e n a VM i s d e l e t e d i n a n o d e d e v i c e wi t h o u t s u s p e n d i n g a
s e r v i c e . Fu r t h e r , t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n c a n a l s o b e a p p l i e d t o a n
20 o p e r a t i o n i n wh i c h wh e n a VM i s a d d e d , r a t h e r t h a n b e i n g d e l e t e d , a
p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s a r e t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e a d d e d VM.
Br i e f De s c r i p t i o n o f Dr awi n g s
[ 0 0 1 5 ]
25 F i g . 1 s h ows a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a c ommu n i c a t i o n s y s t em
a c c o r d i n g t o a f i r s t e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t ;
F i g . 2 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a n EP S (Ev o l v e d P a c k e t
S ys t em) a c c o r d i n g t o a s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t ;
F i g . 3 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a n EP S (Ev o l v e d P a c k e t
30 S ys t em) a c c o r d i n g t o a f i r s t e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t ;
F i g . 4 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a 2G/ 3G c ommu n i c a t i o n
n e two r k i n a c c o r d a n c e wi t h 3GP P a c c o r d i n g t o t h e f i r s t e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t ;
F i g . 5 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k
7
s p e c i f i e d a s PCC ( P o l i c y a n d Ch a r g i n g Co n t r o l ) i n 3GP P a c c o r d i n g t o
t h e f i r s t e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t ;
F i g . 6 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k
c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o CS FB (Ci r c u i t Swi t c h e d F a l l Ba c k ) i n 3GP P a c c o r d i n g
t o a s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n 5 t ;
F i g . 7 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t ;
F i g . 8 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t ;
10 F i g . 9 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t ;
F i g . 1 0 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t ;
F i g . 1 1 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0
15 a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t ;
F i g . 1 2 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t ;
F i g . 1 3 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n d i a g r am o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t ;
20 F i g . 1 4 i s a d i a g r am f o r e x p l a i n i n g a t r a n s f e r o f a s e s s i o n wh e n
a n S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d
e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 1 5 i s a d i a g r am f o r e x p l a i n i n g t h e t r a n s f e r o f t h e s e s s i o n
wh e n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a c c o r d i n g t o t h e
25 s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 1 6 i s a d i a g r am f o r e x p l a i n i n g a s e s s i o n t r a n s f e r p r o c e s s
p e r f o rme d wh e n a n S 5 / S 8 -C VM a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 1 7 i s a d i a g r am f o r e x p l a i n i n g t h e s e s s i o n t r a n s f e r p r o c e s s
30 p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 1 8 i s a d i a g r am f o r e x p l a i n i n g t h e s e s s i o n t r a n s f e r p r o c e s s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
8
F i g . 1 9 i s a d i a g r am f o r e x p l a i n i n g t h e s e s s i o n t r a n s f e r p r o c e s s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 2 0 i s a d i a g r am f o r e x p l a i n i n g a s e s s i o n t r a n s f e r p r o c e s s
p e r f o rme d wh e n a n S 5 / S 8 -U VM a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a 5 r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 2 1 i s a d i a g r am f o r e x p l a i n i n g t h e s e s s i o n t r a n s f e r p r o c e s s
p e r f o rme d wh e n a n S 5 / S 8 -U VM a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
10 F i g . 2 2 i s a d i a g r am f o r e x p l a i n i n g t h e s e s s i o n t r a n s f e r p r o c e s s
p e r f o rme d wh e n a n S 5 / S 8 -U VM a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 2 3 i s a d i a g r am f o r e x p l a i n i n g t h e s e s s i o n t r a n s f e r p r o c e s s
p e r f o rme d wh e n a n S 5 / S 8 -U VM a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
15 emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 2 4 s h ows a f l ow o f a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM
o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d MME a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t
i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 2 5 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
20 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 2 6 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
25 F i g . 2 7 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 2 8 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
30 emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 2 9 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 3 0 s h ows a f l ow o f a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM
9
o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t
i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 3 1 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e 5 d ;
F i g . 3 2 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 3 3 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
10 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 3 4 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
15 F i g . 3 5 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 3 6 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
20 emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 3 7 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 3 8 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
25 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 3 9 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
30 F i g . 4 0 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 4 1 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
10
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 4 2 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 4 3 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t 5 h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 4 4 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
10 emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 4 5 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 4 6 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
15 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 4 7 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
20 F i g . 4 8 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 4 9 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
25 emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 5 0 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 5 1 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
30 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 5 2 s h ows a f l ow o f a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM
o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t
i s d e l e t e d ;
11
F i g . 5 3 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d w h e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 5 4 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a 5 r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 5 5 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
10 F i g . 5 6 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 5 7 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
15 emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 5 8 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 5 9 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
20 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 6 0 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
25 F i g . 6 1 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 6 2 s h ows a f l ow o f a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM
o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t
30 i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 6 3 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 6 4 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
12
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 6 5 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e 5 d ;
F i g . 6 6 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 6 7 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
10 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 6 8 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
15 F i g . 6 9 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 7 0 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
20 emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 7 1 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 7 2 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
25 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 7 3 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
30 F i g . 7 4 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 7 5 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
13
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 7 6 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 7 7 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t 5 h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 7 8 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
10 emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 7 9 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 8 0 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
15 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 8 1 s h ows a f l ow o f a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM
o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t
i s d e l e t e d ;
20 F i g . 8 2 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 8 3 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
25 emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 8 4 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 8 5 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
30 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 8 6 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
14
F i g . 8 7 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 8 8 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a 5 r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 8 9 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
10 F i g . 9 0 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 9 1 s h ows a f l ow o f a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM
o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
15 emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 9 2 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 9 3 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
20 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 9 4 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
25 F i g . 9 5 s h ows a f l ow o f a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM
o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s
d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 9 6 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
30 emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 9 7 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 9 8 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e
15
VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s d e l e t e d ;
F i g . 9 9 s h ows a f l owc h a r t f o r e x p l a i n i n g a n o u t l i n e o f a p r o c e s s
f l ow f o r d e l e t i n g a VM i n a n MME a n d c o n s t r u c t i n g a n ew s e s s i o n i n a
c omp a r a t i v e e x amp l 5 e ;
F i g . 1 0 0 s h ows a f l ow o f a PDN c o n n e c t i o n r e s e t t i n g p r o c e s s i n
t h e c omp a r a t i v e e x amp l e ; a n d
F i g . 1 0 1 s h ows a f l ow o f t h e PDN c o n n e c t i o n r e s e t t i n g p r o c e s s
i n t h e c omp a r a t i v e e x amp l e .
10
De s c r i p t i o n o f Emb o d ime n t s
[ 0 0 1 6 ]
(Ex p l a n a t i o n o f c omp a r a t i v e e x amp l e )
A c omp a r a t i v e e x amp l e t h a t t h e i n v e n t o r s h a v e e x ami n e d b e f o r e
15 c o n c e i v i n g a c ommu n i c a t i o n s y s t em a c c o r d i n g t o a n e x emp l a r y
emb o d ime n t i s e x p l a i n e d h e r e i n a f t e r wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 9 9 t o 1 0 1 .
I n t h e c omp a r a t i v e e x amp l e , a p r o c e d u r e i n wh i c h a VM i n a n MME i s
d e l e t e d a n d a n ew s e s s i o n i s c o n s t r u c t e d i n a c c o r d a n c e wi t h t h e
p r o c e d u r e s p e c i f i e d i n t h e c u r r e n t 3GP P i s e x p l a i n e d . F u r t h e r , i n F i g s .
20 9 9 t o 1 0 1 , e x p l a n a t i o n s a r e g i v e n b y u s i n g a UE (Us e r Eq u i pme n t ) , a n
eNB ( e v o l v e d NB) , a n MME, a n SGW, a PGW, a PCRF (P o l i c y a n d
Ch a r g i n g Ru l e s Fu n c t i o n ) a n d a n HS S (Home S u b s c r i b e r S e r v e r ) , wh i c h
a r e d e v i c e s s p e c i f i e d i n t h e 3GP P .
[ 0 0 1 7 ]
25 F i r s t l y, a n o u t l i n e o f a p r o c e s s f l ow f r om t h e d e l e t i o n o f a VM
i n a n MME t o t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f a n ew s e s s i o n i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h
r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 99. Wh e n i t i s d e t e rmi n e d t h a t a s e s s i o n ( e . g . , a PDN
c o n n e c t i o n ) s e t i n t h e VM o f t h e MME s h o u l d b e t r a n s f e r r e d , t h e MME
s t a r t s a n MME - i n i t i a t e d De t a c h p r o c e d u r e (No n - p a t e n t Li t e r a t u r e 2 :
30 s e c t i o n 5 . 3 . 8 . 3 ) ( S 1 0 0 1 ) . Up o n t h e s t a r t - u p o f t h e MME- i n i t i a t e d
De t a c h p r o c e d u r e , a UE (Us e r Eq u i pme n t ) c h a n g e s i t s s t a t e t o a De t a c h
s t a t e ( a s t a t e i n wh i c h t h e UE i s d e t a c h e d f r om t h e n e two r k ) . Ne x t , t h e
UE, wh i c h i s i n t h e De t a c h s t a t e , s t a r t s a n E -UTRAN I n i t i a l At t a c h
p r o c e s s (No n - p a t e n t Li t e r a t u r e 2 : s e c t i o n 5 . 3 . 2 . 1 ) (S 1 0 0 2 ) . Ne x t , wh e n
16
t h e MME r e c e i v e s a n ATTACH s i g n a l , t h e MME c o n s t r u c t s a n S 1 1
s e s s i o n b y u s i n g a n MME d i f f e r e n t f r om t h e MME i n wh i c h t h e VM i s
t o b e d e l e t e d (S 1 0 0 3 ) . I n t h i s wa y, t h e t r a n s f e r o f t h e PDN c o n n e c t i o n
i s c omp l e t e d .
[ 0 0 1 5 8 ]
By p e r f o rmi n g t h e p r o c e s s i n t h e s t e p S 1 0 0 1 , i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t
t h e UE d e t a c h e d f r om t h e MME c a n b e d e l e t e d . F u r t h e r , i n a n SGW, a
PGW, o r t h e l i k e , b y d e t a c h i n g t h e UE, t h e i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t t h e UE
d e t a c h e d f r om t h e r e s p e c t i v e n o d e d e v i c e c a n b e d e l e t e d .
10 [ 0 0 1 9 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f p r o c e s s f o r r e - s e t t i n g a PDN c o n n e c t i o n
p e r f o rme d i n t h e s t e p s S 1 0 0 2 a n d S 1 0 0 3 i n F i g . 9 9 i s e x p l a i n e d i n a
c o n c r e t e ma n n e r wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 1 0 0 a n d 1 0 1 .
[ 0 0 2 0 ]
15 F i r s t l y, a UE t r a n smi t s a n At t a c h r e q u e s t me s s a g e t o a n MME
(S 1 1 0 1 ) . Ne x t , i n a s t e p S 1 0 0 2 , t h e UE i s a u t h e n t i c a t e d (S 1 1 0 2 ) .
Ne x t , t h e MME t r a n smi t s a Cr e a t e S e s s i o n Re q u e s t (MME -S 1 1 IP
a d d r e s s , MME - S 1 1 TE ID) me s s a g e t o a n SGW (S 1 1 0 3 ) .
[ 0 0 2 1 ]
20 Ne x t , t h e SGW t r a n smi t s t h e Cr e a t e S e s s i o n Re q u e s t ( SGW-S 5 IP
a d d r e s s , SGW-S 5 TE ID) me s s a g e t o a PGW ( S 1 1 0 4 ) . Ne x t , a Qo S
n e g o t i a t i o n p r o c e s s i s p e r f o rme d b e twe e n t h e PGW a n d a PCRF
(S 1 1 0 5 ) . Ne x t , t h e PGW t r a n smi t s a Cr e a t e S e s s i o n Re s p o n s e (PGW-S 5
IP a d d r e s s , PGW- S 5 TE ID) me s s a g e t o t h e SGW (S 1 1 0 6 ) . By
25 t r a n smi t t i n g / r e c e i v i n g t h e me s s a g e s i n t h e s t e p s S 1 1 0 4 a n d S 1 1 0 6 ,
t u n n e l i n f o rma t i o n o f e a c h o f t h e SGW a n d t h e PGW i s e x c h a n g e d
b e twe e n t h e SGW a n d t h e PGW. As a r e s u l t , a PDN c o n n e c t i o n , wh i c h
i s u s e d i n a n S 5 i n t e r f a c e , i s e s t a b l i s h e d .
[ 0 0 2 2 ]
30 Ne x t , t h e SGW t r a n smi t s t h e Cr e a t e S e s s i o n Re s p o n s e (SGW-S 1 1
IP a d d r e s s , SGW- S 1 1 TE ID, SGW-S1-U IP a d d r e s s , SGW-S1-U TE ID)
me s s a g e t o t h e MME (S 1 1 0 7 ) . By t r a n smi t t i n g / r e c e i v i n g t h e me s s a g e s
i n t h e s t e p s S 1 1 0 3 a n d S 1 1 0 7 , t u n n e l i n f o rma t i o n o f e a c h o f t h e SGW
a n d t h e MME i s e x c h a n g e d b e twe e n t h e SGW a n d t h e MME . As a
17
r e s u l t , a PDN c o n n e c t i o n , wh i c h i s u s e d i n a n S 1 1 i n t e r f a c e a n d a n S 1 -
U i n t e r f a c e , i s e s t a b l i s h e d .
[ 0 0 2 3 ]
Ne x t , t h e MME t r a n smi t s a n I n i t i a l c o n t e x t s e t u p Re q u e s t (SGWS1-
U IP a d d r e s s , SGW-S1-U TE ID) me s s a g e t o a n eNB ( S 1 1 0 8 ) . Ne x 5 t ,
i n a s t e p S 1 1 0 9 , a r a d i o s e t t i n g b e twe e n t h e UE a n d t h e eNB i s ma d e .
Ne x t , t h e eNB t r a n smi t s t h e I n i t i a l c o n t e x t s e t u p Re q u e s t ( eNB -S1-U
IP a d d r e s s , eNB-S1-U TEID) me s s a g e t o t h e MME ( S 1 1 1 0 ) . Ne x t , t h e
MME t r a n smi t s a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t ( eNB-S1-U IP a d d r e s s , eNB10
S1-U TE ID) t o t h e SGW ( S 1 1 1 1 ) . By t r a n smi t t i n g / r e c e i v i n g t h e
me s s a g e s i n t h e s t e p s S 1 1 0 7 , S 1 1 0 8 , S 1 1 1 0 a n d S 1 1 1 1 , t u n n e l
i n f o rma t i o n o f e a c h o f t h e eNB a n d t h e SGW i s e x c h a n g e d b e twe e n t h e
eNB a n d t h e SGW. As a r e s u l t , a PDN c o n n e c t i o n , wh i c h i s u s e d i n t h e
S1-U i n t e r f a c e , i s e s t a b l i s h e d .
15 [ 0 0 2 4 ]
Ne x t , t h e SGW t r a n smi t s a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re s p o n s e me s s a g e t o
t h e MME (S 1 1 1 2 ) .
[ 0 0 2 5 ]
As e x p l a i n e d a b o v e , t h e UE c a n s e t t h e S 5 PDN c o n n e c t i o n , t h e
20 S 1 1 PDN c o n n e c t i o n , a n d t h e S 1 -U PDN c o n n e c t i o n b y t emp o r a r i l y
c h a n g i n g i t s s t a t e t o t h e De t a c h s t a t e a n d t h e n p e r f o rmi n g t h e s t e p s
S 1 1 0 1 t o S 1 1 1 2 .
[ 0 0 2 6 ]
Howe v e r , i n t h e p r o c e s s e x p l a i n e d a b o v e i n t h e c omp a r a t i v e
25 e x amp l e , t h e MME n e e d s t o ma k e t h e UE t emp o r a r i l y c h a n g e i t s s t a t e
t o t h e De t a c h s t a t e t o d e l e t e t h e VM a n d t h e n p e r f o rm t h e s t e p s S 1 1 0 1
t o S 1 1 1 2 b e f o r e t h e UE c h a n g e s i t s s t a t e t o t h e At t a c h s t a t e . As a
r e s u l t , t h e n umb e r o f s i g n a l s i n c r e a s e s . F u r t h e r , a s t h e n umb e r o f UEs
i n c r e a s e s , t h e n umb e r o f s i g n a l s t h a t a r e t r a n smi t t e d / r e c e i v e d i n t h e
30 mo b i l e c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k i n c r e a s e s e v e n f u r t h e r . Th e r e f o r e ,
t h e r e i s a c o n c e r n t h a t a s t h e n umb e r o f s i g n a l s i n c r e a s e s , c o n g e s t i o n
c o u l d o c c u r . F u r t h e r , wh e n t h e UE i s d e t a c h e d , t h e mo b i l e
c ommu n i c a t i o n s e r v i c e f o r t h e UE i s i n t e r r u p t e d . As a r e s u l t , t h e r e i s
a c o n c e r n t h a t t h e s e r v i c e q u a l i t y c o u l d s i g n i f i c a n t l y d e t e r i o r a t e . I n
18
e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t s d e s c r i b e d b e l ow, a c ommu n i c a t i o n s y s t em a n d
a c ommu n i c a t i o n p r o c e s s f l ow i n wh i c h a VM i s d e l e t e d b y
t r a n smi t t i n g / r e c e i v i n g t h e r e q u i r e d mi n imum n umb e r o f me s s a g e s
t o / f r om a n e i g h b o r i n g n o d e ( s ) a r e e x p l a i n e d .
[ 0 0 2 5 7 ]
( F i r s t e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t )
Ex emp l a r y emb o d ime n t s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n a r e
e x p l a i n e d h e r e i n a f t e r wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e d r awi n g s . A c o n f i g u r a t i o n
e x amp l e o f a c ommu n i c a t i o n s y s t em a c c o r d i n g t o a f i r s t e x emp l a r y
10 emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o
F i g . 1 . Th e c ommu n i c a t i o n s ys t em s h own i n F i g . 1 i n c l u d e s
c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 .
[ 0 0 2 8 ]
Ea c h o f t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 i s a c omp u t e r d e v i c e
15 t h a t o p e r a t e s b y h a v i n g a CPU (Ce n t e r P r o c e s s i n g Un i t ) e x e c u t e a
p r o g r am s t o r e d i n a memo r y, o r i n c l u d e s a p l u r a l i t y o f VMs e a c h o f
wh i c h o p e r a t e s b y e x e c u t i n g a p r o g r am s t o r e d i n a memo r y . F u r t h e r ,
e a c h o f t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 ma y b e a n MME, a n SGW, a
PGW, o r t h e l i k e , wh i c h a r e n o d e d e v i c e s s p e c i f i e d i n t h e 3GP P .
20 F u r t h e r , e a c h o f t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 ma y b e a No d eB o r
a n eNo d eB, wh i c h a r e b a s e s t a t i o n d e v i c e s , o r a n SGSN (S e r v i n g
Ge n e r a l p a c k e t r a d i o s e r v i c e S u p p o r t No d e ) , a GGSN (Ga t ewa y Ge n e r a l
p a c k e t r a d i o s e r v i c e S u p p o r t No d e ) , a n RNC (Ra d i o Ne two r k
Co n t r o l l e r ) , o r t h e l i k e , wh i c h f o rm t h e s o - c a l l e d " s e c o n d - g e n e r a t i o n "
25 n e two r k .
[ 0 0 2 9 ]
Th e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 s e t s a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s b e twe e n
t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 a n d t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 1 a n d
c ommu n i c a t e s wi t h t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 1 . Th e p l u r a l i t y o f
30 s e s s i o n s ma y b e , f o r e x amp l e , s e s s i o n s s e t f o r r e s p e c t i v e t e rmi n a l
d e v i c e s , o r s e s s i o n s s e t f o r r e s p e c t i v e g r o u p s o f t e r mi n a l d e v i c e s wh e n
a p l u r a l i t y o f t e rmi n a l d e v i c e s a r e d i v i d e d i n t o t h e g r o u p s . Ea c h
s e s s i o n ma y i n c l u d e r o u t e i n f o rma t i o n b e twe e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n
d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 , i n f o rma t i o n n e c e s s a r y f o r c a r r yi n g o u t c ommu n i c a t i o n
19
wi t h a c o u n t e r p a r t c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e , i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t a t e rmi n a l
d e v i c e , a n d t h e l i k e . Th e i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t a t e rmi n a l d e v i c e ma y b e ,
f o r e x amp l e , a n i d e n t i f i e r o f t h e t e rmi n a l d e v i c e , i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t a
c ommu n i c a t i o n s p e e d p e rmi t t e d f o r t h e t e rmi n a l d e v i c e , a n d t h e l i k e .
[ 0 0 3 5 0 ]
Th e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 s e t s a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s b y u s i n g
a VM 3 o r a VM 4 . I n F i g . 1 , t h e d o t t e d - l i n e a r r ow i n d i c a t e s a s t a t e
wh e r e t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 1 s e t s a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s wi t h VM
3 a n d t h e s o l i d - l i n e a r r ow i n d i c a t e s a s t a t e wh e r e t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n
10 d e v i c e 1 s e t s a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s wi t h VM 4 . Th e s e a r r ows i n d i c a t e
t h a t t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 1 t r a n s f e r s t h e s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e
c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 1 a n d t h e VM 3 t o t h e VM 4 .
[ 0 0 3 1 ]
Th e VMs 3 a n d 4 a r e f o rme d b y a p l u r a l i t y o f c ommu n i c a t i o n
15 r e s o u r c e s s u c h a s d i f f e r e n t CPUs , memo r i e s , a n d n e two r k i n t e r f a c e s .
I n F i g . 1 , t h e VM 3 i n c l u d e s c ommu n i c a t i o n r e s o u r c e s 5 a n d 6 , a n d t h e
VM 4 i n c l u d e s c ommu n i c a t i o n r e s o u r c e s 7 a n d 8 . Wh e n t h e
c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 i s v i r t u a l i z e d , t h e VMs 3 a n d 4 b e c ome p a r t i a l
e l eme n t s c o n s t i t u t i n g t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 . Th e r e s o u r c e s
20 c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e VMs 3 a n d 4 ma y b e s e p a r a t e l y s u p p l i e d wi t h
e l e c t r i c p owe r . Th a t i s , t h e e l e c t r i c p owe r t h a t i s c o n s ume d wh e n o n l y
o n e o f t h e VMs 3 a n d 4 i s u s e d c a n b e r e d u c e d f r om t h e e l e c t r i c p owe r
t h a t i s c o n s ume d wh e n t h e VMs 3 a n d 4 a r e b o t h u s e d .
[ 0 0 3 2 ]
25 Th e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 d e t e rmi n e s t h a t t h e s t a t e i n wh i c h a
p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 b y
u s i n g t h e VM 3 s h o u l d b e c h a n g e d s o t h a t t h e p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t
b e twe e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 a r e c o n t r o l l e d b y u s i n g t h e
VM 4 . Fo r e x amp l e , t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 ma y c h a n g e t h e VM
30 t h a t c o n t r o l s t h e p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n
d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 a c c o r d i n g t o a n i n s t r u c t i o n e n t e r e d b y a s u p e r v i s o r o r
t h e l i k e wh o ma n a g e s t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 , o r c h a n g e t h e VM
t h a t c o n t r o l s t h e p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n
d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 a c c o r d i n g t o a n i n s t r u c t i o n s i g n a l i n p u t f r om o t h e r
20
o p e r a t i o n d e v i c e s o r t h e l i k e .
[ 0 0 3 3 ]
By u s i n g t h e d e t e rmi n a t i o n t h a t t h e s t a t e i n wh i c h a p l u r a l i t y o f
s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 a r e c o n t r o l l e d
b y u s i n g t h e VM 3 s h o u l d b e c h a n g e d s o t h a t t h e p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o 5 n s
s e t b e twe e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 a r e c o n t r o l l e d b y u s i n g
t h e VM 4 a s a t r i g g e r , t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 n o t i f i e s t h e
c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 1 o f i d e n t i f i c a t i o n i n f o rma t i o n u s e d i n t h e VM 4
a n d u p d a t e s t h e s e s s i o n s . Th e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n i n f o rma t i o n i s
10 i n f o rma t i o n b y wh i c h t h e f a c t t h a t t h e c o n t r o l i s p e r f o rme d i n t h e VM
4 i s u n i q u e l y r e c o g n i z e d i n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 .
[ 0 0 3 4 ]
Th e s i t u a t i o n f o r t h e d e t e rmi n a t i o n t h a t t h e s t a t e i n wh i c h a
p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2
15 a r e c o n t r o l l e d b y u s i n g t h e VM 3 s h o u l d b e c h a n g e d s o t h a t t h e
p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2
a r e c o n t r o l l e d b y u s i n g t h e VM 4 i n c l u d e s t h e f o l l owi n g s i t u a t i o n s .
F o r e x amp l e , t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 d e l e t e s t h e VM 3 a n d t h e r e b y
t r a n s f e r s t h e p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e VM 3 t o t h e VM 4 .
20 Al t e r n a t i v e l y, t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 a d d s a n ew VM 4 a n d h e n c e
t r a n s f e r s s ome o r a l l o f t h e p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e VM 3 t o t h e
VM 4 .
[ 0 0 3 5 ]
As e x p l a i n e d a b o v e , wh e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 c h a n g e s
25 t h e VM t h a t c o n t r o l s a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e
c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 , t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 c a n n o t i f y
t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 1 o f t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n i n f o rma t i o n u s e d i n
t h e n ew VM a f t e r t h e c h a n g e . Up o n r e c e i v i n g t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n
i n f o rma t i o n o f t h e n ew VM a f t e r t h e c h a n g e f r om t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n
30 d e v i c e 2 , t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 1 c a n d e s i g n a t e t h e VM 4 a s a
d e s t i n a t i o n wh e n d a t a i s t r a n smi t t e d t o t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 2 a t
a n d a f t e r t h e n e x t t ime . I n t h i s wa y, i t i s p o s s i b l e t o t r a n s f e r d a t a t h a t
h a s b e e n o r i g i n a l l y t r a n smi t t e d f r om t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 1 t o t h e
VM 3 t o t h e VM 4 .
21
[ 0 0 3 6 ]
Th a t i s , b y c h a n g i n g t h e s e s s i o n s b e twe e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n
dev i c e s 1 a n d 2 wi t h o u t d e t a c h i n g t h e t e rmi n a l d e v i c e , i t i s p o s s i b l e t o
d e l e t e t h e VM 3 a n d t r a n s f e r t h e t r a f f i c t r a n smi t t e d f r om t h e
c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e 1 t o t h e VM 4 . Th a t i s , s i n c e t h e c o n t r o l s i g n a 5 l s
t h a t o c c u r d u e t o t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e VM 3 a r e t r a n smi t t e d / r e c e i v e d
o n l y b e twe e n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n d e v i c e s 1 a n d 2 , i t i s p o s s i b l e t o
p r e v e n t a l a r g e n umb e r o f c o n t r o l s i g n a l s f r om b e i n g
t r a n smi t t e d / r e c e i v e d i n t h e n e two r k .
10 [ 0 0 3 7 ]
(S e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t )
Ne x t , a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f a c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t
i n v e n t i o n i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 2 t o 6 . F i g s . 2 t o 6 a r e
15 c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e s o f a c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k s p e c i f i e d i n t h e
3GP P .
[ 0 0 3 8 ]
F i g . 2 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f a n EP S (Ev o l v e d P a c k e t
S ys t em) i n a c a s e wh e r e a UE d o e s n o t p e r f o rm r o ami n g . Th e EP S
20 s h own i n Fi g . 2 i n c l u d e s a UE (Us e r Eq u i pme n t ) 1 0 , a n E -UTRAN
(Ev o l v e d Un i v e r s a l Te r r e s t r i a l Ra d i o Ac c e s s Ne two r k ) 1 1 , a n MME 1 2 ,
a n SGW 1 3 , a n SGSN (S e r v i n g GPRS S u p p o r t No d e ) 1 4 , a n HS S (Home
S u b s c r i b e r S e r v e r ) 1 5 , a PGW 1 6 , a PCRF (P o l i c y a n d Ch a r g i n g Ru l e s
F u n c t i o n ) 1 7 , a n d a n o p e r a t o r n e two r k 1 8 . Th e o p e r a t o r n e two r k 1 8
25 ma y b e , f o r e x amp l e , a n IMS ( IP Mu l t ime d i a S u b s ys t em) , a P S S
(P a c k e t Swi t c h S t r e ami n g ) , o r t h e l i k e . Th e s ymb o l s LTE -Uu , S 1 -U,
S 3 , Gx , a n d s o o n s p e c i f i e d b e twe e n n o d e d e v i c e s i n t h e f i g u r e
r e p r e s e n t t h e n ame s o f t h e i n t e r f a c e s b e twe e n t h e n o d e d e v i c e s . Th i s
i s a l s o a p p l i e d t o F i g . 3 a n d t h e s u b s e q u e n t f i g u r e s . F u r t h e r , t h e
30 SGSN 1 4 i s c o n n e c t e d t o a n UTRAN a n d a GERAN (GSM (Re g i s t e r e d
Tr a d ema r k ) EDGE Ra d i o Ac c e s s Ne two r k ) , a n d t h e SGW 1 3 i s
c o n n e c t e d t o t h e UTRAN. Ea c h o f t h e E -UTRAN 1 1 , t h e UTRAN a n d
t h e GERAN r e p r e s e n t s a wi r e l e s s n e two r k a n d i n c l u d e s a b a s e s t a t i o n
d e v i c e a n d t h e l i k e .
22
[ 00 3 9 ]
F i g . 3 i s a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f a n EP S (Ev o l v e d P a c k e t
S ys t em) i n a c a s e wh e r e a UE i s p e r f o rmi n g r o ami n g . Th e EP S s h own
i n Fi g . 3 i n c l u d e a UE 1 0 , a n E -UTRAN 1 1 , a n MME 1 2 , a n SGW 1 3 ,
a n SGSN 1 4 , a n HS S 2 1 , a PGW 2 2 , a PCRF 2 3 , a n d a n o p e r a t 5 o r
n e two r k 2 4 . I n t h i s f i g u r e , a UE 1 0 i s l o c a t e d i n a VP LMN (Vi s i t e d
P u b l i c La n d Mo b i l e Ne two r k ) . Th e r e f o r e , t h e MME 1 2 c ommu n i c a t e s
wi t h t h e HS S 2 1 l o c a t e d i n a n HP LMN (Home P u b l i c La n d Mo b i l e
Ne two r k ) , a n d t h e SGW 1 3 c ommu n i c a t e s wi t h t h e PGW 2 2 l o c a t e d i n
10 t h e HP LMN. No t e t h a t t h e ma i n d i f f e r e n c e b e twe e n Fi g . 3 a n d F i g . 2
i s t h a t wh i l e t h e i n t e r f a c e b e twe e n t h e SGW 1 3 a n d t h e PGW 2 2 i s a n
i n t e r f a c e S 8 i n F i g . 3 , t h e i n t e r f a c e b e twe e n t h e SGW 1 3 a n d t h e PGW
1 6 i s a n i n t e r f a c e S 5 i n F i g . 2 . De t a i l s o f F i g s . 2 a n d 3 a r e d e s c r i b e d
i n t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f 3GP P TS 2 3 . 4 0 1 .
15 [ 0 0 4 0 ]
F i g . 4 s h ows a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f t h e s o - c a l l e d " 2G" o r
" 3G" c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k i n t h e 3GP P . Th e c ommu n i c a t i o n
n e two r k s h own i n F i g . 4 i n c l u d e s a TE (Te rmi n a l Eq u i pme n t ) 3 1 , a n
MT (Mo b i l e Te rmi n a l ) 3 2 , a UTRAN 3 3 , a n SGSN 3 4 , a TE 3 5 , a n MT
20 3 6 , a BS S (Ba s e S t a t i o n S ys t em) 3 7 , a n SGSN 3 8 , a GGSN (Ga t ewa y
GPRS S u p p o r t No d e ) 3 9 , a GGSN 4 0 , a n MSC (Mo b i l e Swi t c h i n g
Ce n t e r ) /VLR (Vi s i t o r Lo c a t i o n Re g i s t e r ) 4 1 , a n SMS -GMSC a n d a n
SMS- IWMSC ( I n t e r -Wo r k i n g Mo b i l e Swi t c h i n g Ce n t r e ) 4 2 , a n SMS -SC
4 3 , a g smSCF ( g sm S e r v i c e Co n t r o l F u n c t i o n ) 4 4 , a CGF (Ch a r g i n g
25 Ga t ewa y F u n c t i o n ) 4 5 , a n E IR (Eq u i pme n t I d e n t i t y Re g i s t e r ) 4 6 , a
Bi l l i n g S ys t em 4 7 , a TE 4 8 , a n d a n HLR 4 9 . Th e d o t t e d l i n e s i n t h e
f i g u r e i n d i c a t e S i g n a l i n g i n t e r f a c e s f o r t r a n smi t t i n g c o n t r o l s i g n a l s ,
a n d t h e s o l i d l i n e s i n d i c a t e s S i g n a l i n g a n d Da t a Tr a n s f e r I n t e r f a c e s f o r
t r a n smi t t i n g c o n t r o l s i g n a l s a n d u s e r d a t a . De t a i l s o f F i g . 4 a r e
30 d e s c r i b e d i n t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f 3GP P T S 2 3 . 0 6 0 .
[ 0 0 4 1 ]
F i g . 5 s h ows a c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k s p e c i f i e d a s PCC ( P o l i c y
a n d Ch a r g i n g Co n t r o l ) i n t h e 3GP P . Th e c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k
s h own i n Fi g . 5 i n c l u d e s a BBERF (Be a r e r Bi n d i n g a n d Ev e n t
23
Re p o r t i n g F u n c t i o n ) 5 1 , a V-PCRF (Vi s i t e d - PCFR) 5 2 , a n S PR
(S u b s c r i b e r P r o f i l e Re p o s i t o r y ) 5 3 , a n H -PCRF (Home -PCRF ) 5 4 , a
PCEF (P o l i c y a n d Ch a r g i n g En f o r c eme n t F u n c t i o n ) 5 5 , a Ga t ewa y 5 6 ,
a n AF (Ap p l i c a t i o n F u n c t i o n ) 5 7 , a n OCS (On l i n e Ch a r g i n g S ys t em)
5 8 , a TDF (Tr a f f i c De t e c t i o n F u n c t i o n ) 5 9 , a n d a n OFCS (Of f l i 5 n e
Ch a r g i n g S ys t em) 6 0 . De t a i l s o f Fi g . 5 a r e d e s c r i b e d i n t h e
s p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f 3GP P TS 2 3 . 2 0 3 .
[ 0 0 4 2 ]
F i g . 6 s h ows a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f a c ommu n i c a t i o n
10 n e two r k c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o CS FB (Ci r c u i t Swi t c h e d F a l l Ba c k ) i n t h e
3GP P . Th e c ommu n i c a t i o n n e two r k s h own i n F i g . 6 i n c l u d e s a UE 7 1 ,
a n E-UTRAN 7 2 , a GERAN 7 3 , a UTRAN 7 4 , a n SGSN 7 5 , a n MME 7 6 ,
a n d a n MSC S e r v e r 7 7 . De t a i l s o f F i g . 6 a r e d e s c r i b e d i n t h e
s p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f 3GP P TS 2 3 . 2 7 2 .
15 [ 0 0 4 3 ]
Ne x t , a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h
r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 7 . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 i s a n ame g i v e n t o a n
MME f o rme d b y a p l u r a l i t y o f VMs . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 i s
20 c o n f i g u r e d s o a s t o u s e a VM( s ) f o r a n o p e r a t i o n n e c e s s a r y f o r e a c h
i n t e r f a c e i n t h e MME 1 2 s h own i n F i g . 2 o r i n t h e MME 7 6 s h own i n
F i g . 6 . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 i n c l u d e s S 6 a VMs 1 0 1 - 1 0 3 , S 1 1 VMs
1 0 4 - 1 0 6 , a n SGs VM 1 0 7 , a n SGs VM 1 0 8 , S 1 -MME VMs 1 0 9 - 1 1 1 , a n d
a c o n t r o l u n i t 1 5 . No t e t h a t t h e n umb e r o f VMs u s e d i n e a c h i n t e r f a c e
25 i n t h e f i g u r e i s j u s t a n e x amp l e . Th a t i s , t h e n umb e r o f VMs ma y b e
a r b i t r a r i l y d e t e rmi n e d . Th i s i s a l s o a p p l i e d t o o t h e r f i g u r e s e x p l a i n e d
b e l ow.
[ 0 0 4 4 ]
Th e S 6 a VMs 1 0 1 - 1 0 3 p r o v i d e f u n c t i o n s n e c e s s a r y f o r
30 c o n t r o l l i n g t h e i n t e r f a c e b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d t h e
HS S 1 5 s h own i n F i g . 2 o r t h e HS S 2 1 s h own i n Fi g . 3 . Ex amp l e s o f
t h e f u n c t i o n i n c l u d e a n a c q u i s i t i o n o f s u b s c r i b e r d a t a . Th e S 1 1 VMs
1 0 4 - 1 0 6 p r o v i d e f u n c t i o n s n e c e s s a r y f o r c o n t r o l l i n g s e s s i o n s s e t
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d t h e SGW 1 3 s h own i n F i g . 2 .
24
Th e SGs VM 1 0 7 a n d t h e SGs VM 1 0 8 p r o v i d e f u n c t i o n s n e c e s s a r y f o r
c o n t r o l l i n g s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d t h e MSC
s e r v e r 7 7 s h own i n Fi g . 6 . Th e S 1 -MME VMs 1 0 9 - 1 1 1 p r o v i d e
f u n c t i o n s n e c e s s a r y f o r c o n t r o l l i n g s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d t h e E -UTRAN 1 1 s h own i n F i g . 1 . Th e 5 E -
UTRAN 1 1 ma y b e , f o r e x amp l e , a n eNB ( e v o l v e d NB) , w h i c h i s a b a s e
s t a t i o n d e v i c e .
[ 0 0 4 5 ]
F o r e x amp l e , e a c h VM a l l o c a t e s a p r e d e t e rmi n e d memo r y a r e a
10 f o r e a c h s e s s i o n . Th e r e f o r e , t h e ma x imum n umb e r o f s e s s i o n s t h a t c a n
s e t i n e a c h VM ma y b e d e t e rmi n e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e memo r y a r e a o r t h e
memo r y c a p a c i t y . Th e a b o v e - d e s c r i b e d ma t t e r s f o r t h e VMs s h own i n
t h e f i g u r e a r e a l s o a p p l i e d t o VMs t h a t a r e s p e c i f i e d b e l ow.
[ 0 0 4 6 ]
15 Th e c o n t r o l u n i t 1 1 5 c o n t r o l s t h e n umb e r o f s e s s i o n s , d e t e rmi n e s
t h e t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n o f s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e VM t o b e d e l e t e d ,
c o n t r o l s c ommu n i c a t i o n t h r o u g h e a c h VM, a n d s o o n . F u r t h e r , t h e
c o n t r o l u n i t 1 1 5 ma y mo n i t o r t h e l o a d s t a t e o f e a c h VM. Th e n , f o r
e x amp l e , wh e n a n i g h t c ome s a n d t h e n umb e r o f s e s s i o n s i s d e c r e a s e d
20 b e yo n d t h e p r e d e t e rmi n e d n umb e r o f s e s s i o n s d e t e rmi n e d b y a g i v e n
VM, t h e c o n t r o l u n i t 1 1 5 ma y d e t e rmi n e t h a t t h e r ema i n i n g s e s s i o n s
l e f t i n t h a t VM s h o u l d b e t r a n s f e r r e d t o o t h e r VMs , d e t e rmi n e t h e i r
t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n s , a n d / o r d e t e rmi n e t h a t t h e y a r e d i s t r i b u t e d o v e r a
p l u r a l i t y o f VMs wi t h c o n s i d e r a t i o n g i v e n t o t h e l o a d s t a t e o f t h e
25 t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n s . Th e a b o v e - d e s c r i b e d ma t t e r s a r e a l s o a p p l i e d t o
c o n t r o l u n i t s o f o t h e r d e v i c e s d e s c r i b e d b e l ow.
[ 0 0 4 7 ]
Ne x t , a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h
30 r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 8 . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s c o n f i g u r e d s o a s t o
u s e a VM( s ) f o r a n i n t e r f a c e ( s ) i n t h e SGW 1 3 s h own i n Fi g . 2 . Th e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i n c l u d e s a Gx x VM 1 2 1 , a Gx x VM 1 2 2 , a n
S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 3 , a n S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 4 , a n S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 2 5 , a n S 5 / S 8 -U
VM 1 2 6 , a n S 1 1 VM 1 2 7 , a n S 1 1 VM 1 2 8 , a n S 1 -U VM 1 2 9 , a n S 1 -U
25
VM 1 3 0 , a n S 1 2 VM 1 3 1 , a n S 1 2 VM 1 3 2 , a n d a c o n t r o l u n i t 1 3 5 .
[ 0 0 4 8 ]
Th e Gx x VMs 1 2 1 a n d 1 2 2 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a n d t h e V - PCRF 5 2 wh e n t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 h a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e BBERF 5 1 s h own i n F i g . 5 5 .
Th e S 5 / S 8 -C VMs 1 2 3 a n d 1 2 4 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
betwe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a n d t h e PGW 1 6 s h own i n F i g . 2 o r
t h e PGW 2 2 s h own i n F i g . 3 .
[ 0 0 4 9 ]
10 Th e S 1 1 VMs 1 2 7 a n d 1 2 8 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a n d t h e MME 1 2 s h own i n F i g . 2 .
Th e S 1 -U VMs 1 2 9 a n d 1 3 0 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a n d t h e E -UTRAN 1 1 s h own i n F i g .
2 . Th e E-UTRAN 1 1 ma y b e , f o r e x amp l e , a n eNB ( e v o l v e d NB) ,
15 wh i c h i s a b a s e s t a t i o n d e v i c e . Th e S 1 2 VMs 1 3 1 a n d 1 3 2 a r e
i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t b e tw e e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a n d
t h e UTRAN. Th e UTRAN ma y b e , f o r e x amp l e , a No d eB, wh i c h i s a
b a s e s t a t i o n d e v i c e .
[ 0 0 5 0 ]
20 Ne x t , a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h
r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 9 . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 i s c o n f i g u r e d s o a s t o
u s e a VM( s ) f o r a n i n t e r f a c e ( s ) i n t h e PGW 1 6 s h own i n Fi g . 2 o r t h e
PGW 2 2 s h own i n F i g . 3 .
25 [ 0 0 5 1 ]
Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 i n c l u d e s Gx VMs 1 4 1 - 1 4 3 , Gy/Gz VMs
1 4 4 - 1 4 6 , SGi VMs 1 4 7 a n d 1 4 8 , S 5 / S 8 -C VMs 1 4 9 a n d 1 5 0 , S 5 / S 8 -U
VMs 1 5 1 a n d 1 5 2 , a n d a c o n t r o l u n i t 1 5 5 .
[ 0 0 5 2 ]
30 Th e Gx VMs 1 4 1 - 1 4 3 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 a n d t h e PCRF 1 7 s h own i n F i g . 2 o r
t h e PCRF 2 3 s h own i n F i g . 3 . Th e Gy /Gz VMs 1 4 4 - 1 4 6 a r e i n t e r f a c e s
u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 a n d t h e OCS 5 8
o r t h e OFCS 6 0 s h own i n F i g . 5 wh e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 h a s a
26
f u n c t i o n o f t h e PCEF 5 5 .
[ 0 0 5 3 ]
Th e SGi VMs 1 4 7 a n d 1 4 8 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 a n d t h e o p e r a t o r n e two r k 1 8 s h own
i n Fi g . 2 o r t h e o p e r a t o r n e two r k 2 4 s h own i n Fi g . 3 . Th e S 5 / S 5 8 -C
VMs 1 4 9 a n d 1 5 0 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t f o r C - P l a n e d a t a
c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 a n d t h e SGW 1 3 .
Th e S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 5 1 a n d 1 5 2 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t f o r
U-P l a n e d a t a c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 a n d t h e
10 SGW 1 3 s h own i n F i g . 2 .
[ 0 0 5 4 ]
Ne x t , a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h
r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 10. Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 i s c o n f i g u r e d s o a s t o
15 u s e a VM( s ) f o r a n i n t e r f a c e ( s ) i n t h e SGSN 1 4 s h own i n F i g . 2 o r t h e
SGSN 3 4 s h own i n Fi g . 4 .
[ 0 0 5 5 ]
Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 i n c l u d e s S 4 -C VMs 1 6 1 a n d 1 6 2 , Gn -
C VMs 1 6 3 a n d 1 6 4 , Gn -U VMs 1 6 5 a n d 1 6 6 , Gr / S 6 d VMs 1 6 7 a n d 1 6 8 ,
20 S4-U VMs 1 6 9 a n d 1 7 0 , Gs VMs 1 7 1 a n d 1 7 2 , I u -C VMs 1 7 3 a n d 1 7 4 ,
Iu -U VMs 1 7 5 a n d 1 7 6 , a n d a c o n t r o l u n i t 1 7 7 .
[ 0 0 5 6 ]
Th e S 4 -C VMs 1 6 1 a n d 1 6 2 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
f o r C- P l a n e d a t a c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a n d
25 t h e SGW 1 3 s h own i n F i g . 2 . Th e S 4 -U VMs 1 6 9 a n d 1 7 0 a r e
i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t f o r U -P l a n e d a t a c ommu n i c a t i o n
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a n d t h e SGW 1 3 .
[ 0 0 5 7 ]
Th e Gn -C VMs 1 6 3 a n d 1 6 4 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
30 f o r C- P l a n e d a t a c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a n d
t h e GGSN 4 0 . Th e Gn -U VMs 1 6 5 a n d 1 6 6 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r
s e s s i o n s s e t f o r U- P l a n e d a t a c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGSN 1 6 0 a n d t h e GGSN 4 0 s h own i n Fi g . 4 .
[ 0 0 5 8 ]
27
Th e Gr / S 6 d VMs 1 6 7 a n d 1 6 8 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a n d t h e HLR 4 9 s h own i n Fi g . 4 .
Th e Gs VMs 1 7 1 a n d 1 7 2 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n
t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a n d t h e MSC/VLR 4 1 .
[ 0 0 5 5 9 ]
Th e I u -C VMs 1 7 3 a n d 1 7 4 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
f o r C- P l a n e d a t a c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a n d
t h e UTRAN 3 3 . Th e I u -U VMs 1 7 5 a n d 1 7 6 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r
s e s s i o n s s e t f o r U- P l a n e d a t a c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
10 SGSN 1 6 0 a n d t h e UTRAN 3 3 s h own i n Fi g . 4 .
[ 0 0 6 0 ]
Ne x t , a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h
r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 11. Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 i s c o n f i g u r e d s o a s t o
15 u s e a VM( s ) f o r a n i n t e r f a c e ( s ) i n t h e SGSN 1 4 s h own i n F i g . 2 o r t h e
SGSN 3 4 s h own i n Fi g . 4 .
[ 0 0 6 1 ]
Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 i n c l u d e s Gx VMs 1 8 1 - 1 8 3 , Gy/Gz
VMs 1 8 4 - 1 8 6 , Gi VMs 1 8 7 a n d 1 8 8 , Gn -C VMs 1 8 9 a n d 1 9 0 , Gn -U VMs
20 1 9 1 a n d 1 9 2 , a n d a c o n t r o l u n i t 1 9 5 .
[ 0 0 6 2 ]
Th e Gx VMs 1 8 1 - 1 8 3 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 a n d t h e H - PCRF 5 4 wh e n t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 h a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e PCEF 5 5 . Th e Gy/Gz VMs
25 1 4 4 - 1 4 6 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
GGSN 1 8 0 a n d t h e OCS 5 8 o r t h e OFCS 6 0 wh e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN
1 8 0 h a s a f u n c t i o n o f t h e PCEF 5 5 s h own i n F i g . 5 .
[ 0 0 6 3 ]
Th e Gi VMs 1 8 7 a n d 1 8 8 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
30 b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 a n d a n IP n e two r k t o wh i c h a
c ommu n i c a t i o n c a r r i e r p r o v i d e s s e r v i c e s u n i q u e t o t h a t c a r r i e r , o r a
PDN (P a c k e t De l i v e r y Ne two r k ) ma n a g e d b y o t h e r c ommu n i c a t i o n
c a r r i e r s .
[ 0 0 6 4 ]
28
Th e Gn -C VMs 1 8 9 a n d 1 9 0 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
f o r C- P l a n e d a t a c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0
a n d t h e SGSN 3 4 . Th e Gn -U VMs 1 9 1 a n d 1 9 2 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r
s e s s i o n s s e t f o r U- P l a n e d a t a c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
GGSN 1 8 0 a n d t h e SGSN 3 4 s h own i n F i g . 5 4 .
[ 0 0 6 5 ]
Ne x t , a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h
r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 12. Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 i s c o n f i g u r e d s o a s
10 t o u s e a VM( s ) f o r a n i n t e r f a c e ( s ) i n a n eNo d eB l o c a t e d i n t h e E -
UTRAN 1 1 s h own i n Fi g . 2 .
[ 0 0 6 6 ]
Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 i n c l u d e s S 1 -MME VMs 2 0 1 - 2 0 3 ,
S1-U VMs 2 0 4 - 2 0 6 , a n LTE -Uu 2 0 7 , a n d a c o n t r o l u n i t 2 0 8 .
15 [ 0 0 6 7 ]
Th e S 1 -MME VMs 2 0 1 - 2 0 3 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 a n d t h e MME 1 2 s h own i n F i g . 2 .
Th e S 1 -U VMs 2 0 4 - 2 0 6 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 a n d t h e SGW 1 3 s h own i n F i g . 2 . Th e LTE -Uu
20 2 0 7 i s a n i n t e r f a c e u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
eNo d eB 2 0 0 a n d t h e UE 1 0 .
[ 0 0 6 8 ]
Ne x t , a c o n f i g u r a t i o n e x amp l e o f a Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h
25 r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 13. Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 i s c o n f i g u r e d s o a s t o
u s e a VM( s ) f o r a n i n t e r f a c e ( s ) i n a n RNC (Ra d i o Ne two r k Co n t r o l l e r )
l o c a t e d i n t h e UTRAN 3 3 s h own i n F i g . 4 .
[ 0 0 6 9 ]
Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 i n c l u d e s I u -C VMs 2 1 1 - 2 1 3 , I u -U VMs
30 2 1 4 - 2 1 6 , a Uu 2 1 7 , a n d a c o n t r o l u n i t 2 1 8 .
[ 0 0 7 0 ]
Th e I u -C VMs 2 1 1 - 2 1 3 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t f o r
C- P l a n e d a t a c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 a n d t h e
SGSN 3 4 s h own i n Fi g . 4 . Th e I u -U VMs 2 1 4 - 2 1 6 a r e i n t e r f a c e s u s e d
29
f o r s e s s i o n s s e t f o r U- P l a n e d a t a c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 a n d t h e SGSN 3 4 . Th e Uu 2 1 7 i s a n i n t e r f a c e
u s e d f o r s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 a n d t h e MT 3 2
s h own i n Fi g . 4 .
[ 0 0 7 5 1 ]
Ne x t , a t r a n s f e r o f s e s s i o n s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 1 1 VM
1 0 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 i s d e l e t e d i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e
t o Fi g s . 1 4 a n d 1 5 . Th e d e l e t i o n o f a VM ma y b e a s u s p e n s i o n o f t h e
s u p p l y o f e l e c t r i c p owe r t o t h e VM. Fi g . 1 4 s h ows s e s s i o n s s e t
10 b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d t h e SGW 1 3 i n wh i c h : 6 0 , 0 0 0
s e s s i o n s a r e s e t i n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 4 ; 8 0 , 0 0 0 s e s s i o n s a r e s e t i n t h e S 1 1
VM 1 0 5 ; a n d 4 0 , 0 0 0 s e s s i o n s a r e s e t i n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 . S p e c i f i c a l l y,
s e s s i o n s ma y b e PDN c o n n e c t i o n s .
[ 0 0 7 2 ]
15 I n F i g . 1 4 , wh e n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 i s d e l e t e d , i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o
t r a n s f e r t h e 4 0 , 0 0 0 s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 t o t h e S 1 1 VMs 1 0 4
a n d 1 0 5 . F o r t h i s t r a n s f e r , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 ma y t r a n s f e r t h e
s e s s i o n s i n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 wh i l e t a k i n g t h e l o a d s t a t e s i n t h e S 1 1
VMs 1 0 4 a n d 1 0 5 i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n b y u s i n g t h e c o n t r o l u n i t 1 1 5 . F o r
20 e x amp l e , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 ma y t r a n s f e r t h e s e s s i o n s i n t h e S 1 1
VM 1 0 6 s o t h a t t h e n umb e r o f s e s s i o n s i n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 4 a n d t h a t i n
t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 5 a r e r o u g h l y e q u a l t o e a c h o t h e r .
[ 0 0 7 3 ]
S p e c i f i c a l l y, t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 ma y t r a n s f e r 3 0 , 0 0 0
25 s e s s i o n s i n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 t o t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 4 a n d t r a n s f e r 1 0 , 0 0 0
s e s s i o n s i n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 t o t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 5 . By d o i n g s o , a s s h own
i n Fi g . 1 5 , e a c h o f t h e S 1 1 VMs 1 0 4 a n d 1 0 5 h a s 9 0 , 0 0 0 s e s s i o n s s e t
t h e r e i n a n d h e n c e t h e l o a d s o f t h em b e c ome e q u a l t o e a c h o t h e r .
F u r t h e r , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 ma y p e r f o rm ma n a g eme n t s o t h a t
30 a n y n ew s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e g e n e r a t e d d u r i n g t h e s e s s i o n t r a n s f e r
o p e r a t i o n f r om t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 t o t h e S 1 1 VMs 1 0 4 a n d 1 0 5 a r e n o t s e t
i n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 .
[ 0 0 7 4 ]
Th e ma n a g eme n t o f t h e n umb e r o f s e s s i o n s s e t i n e a c h VM, t h e
30
d e t e rmi n a t i o n o f t h e t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n o f t h e s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e VM
t o b e d e l e t e d , a n d t h e l i k e ma y b e p e r f o rme d b y a c o n t r o l u n i t s u c h a s
a CPU mo u n t e d i n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 . I n F i g s . 1 4 a n d 1 5 , a n
e x amp l e wh e r e t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 i s d e l e t e d
i s e x p l a i n e d . Howe v e r , c o n t r o l s imi l a r t o t h e c o n t r o l s h own i n F i g 5 s .
1 4 a n d 1 5 ma y b e p e r f o rme d i n t h e c a s e wh e r e a VM o t h e r t h a n t h e S 1 1
VM 1 0 6 i n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 i s d e l e t e d a n d a n ew VM i s a d d e d ,
a n d i n t h e c a s e wh e r e a VM i n o t h e r d e v i c e s ( s u c h a s t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGW, PGW, SGSN, a n d GGSN) i s d e l e t e d a n d a n ew VM i s a d d e d .
10 [ 0 0 7 5 ]
Ne x t , a p r o c e s s f o r t r a n s f e r r i n g s e s s i o n s p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM
i s d e l e t e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s e x p l a i n e d
wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 1 6 t o 1 9 . I n Fi g s . 1 6 t o 1 9 , a p r o c e s s f o r
d e l e t i n g t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 3 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s e x p l a i n e d .
15 [ 0 0 7 6 ]
F i g . 1 6 s h ows t h a t a GTP -C s i g n a l i n g c o n n e c t i o n i s s e t b e twe e n
t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d t h e S 1 1 VM 1 2 8 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW
1 2 0 a n d b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 a n d t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 3 o f
t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 .
20 [ 0 0 7 7 ]
F i g . 1 7 s h ows t h a t wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 3 i s d e l e t e d , a
Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e a n d a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re s p o n s e me s s a g e
a r e t r a n smi t t e d / r e c e i v e d b e twe e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 3 a n d t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 . S i n c e t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 r e c e i v e s t h e
25 Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 d o e s n o t n e e d t o
r e c o g n i z e t h a t t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 3 i s d e l e t e d .
[ 0 0 7 8 ]
As s h own i n Fi g . 1 8 , b y t r a n smi t t i n g / r e c e i v i n g t h e Mo d i f y
Be a r e r Re q u e s t a n d t h e Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re s p o n s e b e twe e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C
30 VM 1 2 3 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 , t h e GTP -C s i g n a l i n g c o n n e c t i o n
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 i s
u p d a t e d . Th a t i s , t h e GTP -C s i g n a l i n g c o n n e c t i o n b e twe e n Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGW 1 2 0 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 , wh i c h h a s b e e n o r i g i n a l l y s e t
b e twe e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 3 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 , i s s e t
31
b e twe e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 4 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 .
[ 0 0 7 9 ]
F i g . 1 9 s h ows t h a t a f t e r a l l t h e s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM
1 2 3 a r e t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 4 , t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 3 i s
d e l e t e 5 d .
[ 0 0 8 0 ]
Ne x t , a p r o c e s s f o r t r a n s f e r r i n g s e s s i o n s p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM
i s d e l e t e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t i s e x p l a i n e d
wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 2 0 t o 2 3 . I n Fi g s . 2 0 t o 2 3 , a p r o c e s s f o r
10 d e l e t i n g t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 2 5 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d S GW 1 2 0 i s e x p l a i n e d .
[ 0 0 8 1 ]
F i g . 2 0 s h ows t h a t a GTP -C s i g n a l i n g c o n n e c t i o n i s s e t b e twe e n
t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d t h e S 1 -U VM 1 2 9 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW
1 2 0 a n d b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 a n d t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 2 5 o f
15 t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 .
[ 0 0 8 2 ]
F i g . 2 1 s h ows t h a t wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 2 5 i s d e l e t e d , a
Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e a n d a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re s p o n s e me s s a g e
a r e t r a n smi t t e d / r e c e i v e d b e twe e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 3 a n d t h e
20 Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 . No t e t h a t t h e Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e
a n d t h e Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re s p o n s e me s s a g e a r e t r a n smi t t e d / r e c e i v e d
t h r o u g h t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 2 3 . S i n c e t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 r e c e i v e s
t h e Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 d o e s n o t n e e d t o
r e c o g n i z e t h a t t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 2 5 i s d e l e t e d .
25 [ 0 0 8 3 ]
As s h own i n Fi g . 2 2 , b y t r a n smi t t i n g / r e c e i v i n g t h e Mo d i f y
Be a r e r Re q u e s t a n d t h e Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re s p o n s e b e twe e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C
VM 1 2 3 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 , t h e GTP -C s i g n a l i n g c o n n e c t i o n
b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 i s
30 u p d a t e d . Th a t i s , t h e GTP -C s i g n a l i n g c o n n e c t i o n b e twe e n Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGW 1 2 0 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 i s s e t b e twe e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM
1 2 6 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 .
[ 0 0 8 4 ]
F i g . 2 3 s h ows t h a t a f t e r a l l t h e s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM
32
1 2 5 a r e t r a n s f e r r e d t o t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 2 6 , t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 2 5 i s
d e l e t e d .
[ 0 0 8 5 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i 5 s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 24. Fi g . 2 4 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e S 1 1 VMs 1 0 4 - 1 0 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME
1 0 0 i s d e l e t e d .
[ 0 0 8 6 ]
10 F i r s t l y, t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 t r a n smi t s a Mo d i f y Be a r e r
Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 ( S 1 1 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d
MME 1 0 0 s e t s a n IP a d d r e s s i n d i c a t i n g a VM a t t h e t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n
o f t h e s e s s i o n s a n d a TE ID (Tu n n e l En d p o i n t ID) i n t h e Mo d i f y Be a r e r
Re q u e s t me s s a g e . Th e TE ID i s a n i d e n t i f i e r i n d i c a t i n g t h e e n d o f a
15 p a t h s e t b e twe e n a VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d a VM o f t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 . F o r e x amp l e , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 c a n
e s t a b l i s h s e s s i o n s b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a n d a VM
d e s i g n a t e d b y t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 b y t r a n smi t t i n g a me s s a g e
d e s i g n a t i n g a TE ID n o t i f i e d ( i . e . , s e n t ) f r om t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0
20 t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 00. Th e i n f o rma t i o n i n d i c a t i n g t h e VM a t t h e
t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n o f t h e s e s s i o n s ma y b e a n IP a d d r e s s a n d a GRE
k e y.
[ 0 0 8 7 ]
Ne x t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 t r a n smi t s a Mo d i f y Be a r e r
25 Re s p o n s e me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 (S 1 2 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d
MME 1 0 0 t r a n smi t s a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e f o r e a c h o f t h e
s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e S 1 1 VM t o b e d e l e t e d .
[ 0 0 8 8 ]
No t e t h a t t h e s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d
30 t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 ma y b e , f o r e x amp l e , PDN c o n n e c t i o n s .
F u r t h e r , wh e n t h e S 1 1 VM o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 t h a t s h o u l d b e
d e l e t e d h a s s e s s i o n s s e t b e twe e n t h e S 1 1 VM a n d a p l u r a l i t y o f
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGWs , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 t r a n smi t s a Mo d i f y Be a r e r
Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o t h e p l u r a l i t y o f Vi r t u a l i z e d SGWs .
33
[ 0 0 8 9 ]
As e x p l a i n e d a b o v e , t h e s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e VM t o b e d e l e t e d c a n
b e t r a n s f e r r e d b y p e r f o rmi n g t h e s t e p s S 1 1 a n d S 1 2 . I n c omp a r i s o n t o
t h e p r o c e s s e x p l a i n e d i n t h e c omp a r a t i v e e x amp l e , t h e n umb e r o f
s i g n a l s n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e t r a n s f e r o f s e s s i o n s c a n b e c o n s i d e r a b 5 l y
r e d u c e d b y p e r f o rmi n g t h e p r o c e s s e x p l a i n e d a b o v e wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o
t h e f i g u r e .
[ 0 0 9 0 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
10 t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 25. S imi l a r l y t o F i g . 2 4 , Fi g . 2 5
s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e S 1 1 VMs 1 0 4 - 1 0 6 o f
t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 i s d e l e t e d . F u r t h e r , wh i l e F i g . 2 4 s h ows a
p r o c e s s i n wh i c h a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e i s t r a n smi t t e d f o r
15 e a c h s e s s i o n , F i g . 2 5 s h ows a n e x amp l e i n wh i c h a n u p d a t e p r o c e s s i s
p e r f o rme d f o r a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s a t a t ime . P e r f o rmi n g a n u p d a t e
p r o c e s s f o r a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s a t a t ime i s c a l l e d a " b u l k p r o c e s s " .
[ 0 0 9 1 ]
A p r e p a r a t o r y p r o c e s s f o r p e r f o rmi n g t h e b u l k p r o c e s s i s
20 e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 25. Fi r s t l y, t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0
t r a n smi t s a Cr e a t e S e s s i o n Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW
1 2 0 wh e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 e s t a b l i s h e s s e s s i o n s b e twe e n t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i n a n S 1 1 i n t e r f a c e
(S 2 1 ) . At t h i s p o i n t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 t r a n smi t s a CS ID
25 a s s o c i a t e d wi t h a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e s e t b y u s i n g t h e S 1 1
VM 1 0 6 t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 . Th e CS ID ma y h a v e a v a l u e t h a t
i s d i f f e r e n t f o r e a c h o f t h e VMs i n wh i c h s e s s i o n s a r e s e t .
[ 0 0 9 2 ]
Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 r e c o g n i z e s t h a t a l l o f a p l u r a l i t y o f
30 s e s s i o n s f o r wh i c h t h e s ame CS ID i s s e t a r e s e t i n t h e s ame VM i n t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 t r a n smi t s a Cr e a t e
S e s s i o n Re s p o n s e me s s a g e a s a r e s p o n s e t o t h e Cr e a t e S e s s i o n Re q u e s t
me s s a g e (S 2 2 ) .
[ 0 0 9 3 ]
34
Ne x t , t h e b u l k p r o c e s s b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o Fi g . 26. F i r s t l y ,
t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 t r a n smi t s a n Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n S e t
Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 wh e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
MME 1 0 0 d e l e t e s t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 (S 3 1 ) . No t e t h a t t h e Vi r t u a l i z 5 e d
MME 1 0 0 s e t s t h e CS ID a s s o c i a t e d wi t h t h e S 1 1 VM 1 0 6 , a g r o u p o f IP
a d d r e s s e s i n d i c a t i n g VMs a t t h e t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n o f t h e s e s s i o n s ,
a n d a g r o u p o f TEIDs (Tu n n e l En d p o i n t IDs ) i n t h e Up d a t e PDN
Co n n e c t i o n S e t Re q u e s t me s s a g e . Th e i n f o rma t i o n i n d i c a t i n g t h e VMs
10 a t t h e t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n o f t h e s e s s i o n s ma y b e a g r o u p o f IP
a d d r e s s e s a n d a g r o u p o f GRE k e ys .
[ 0 0 9 4 ]
Ne x t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 t r a n smi t s a n Up d a t e PDN
Co n n e c t i o n S e t Re s p o n s e me s s a g e a s a r e s p o n s e t o t h e Up d a t e PDN
15 Co n n e c t i o n S e t Re q u e s t me s s a g e ( S 3 2 ) .
[ 0 0 9 5 ]
As e x p l a i n e d b e l ow wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 2 5 a n d 2 6 , b y
p e r f o rmi n g t h e b u l k p r o c e s s , a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s c a n b e t r a n s f e r r e d
f r om a VM i n wh i c h t h e y a r e c u r r e n t l y s e t t o a n o t h e r VM b y
20 t r a n smi t t i n g / r e c e i v i n g o n e Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n S e t Re q u e s t
me s s a g e a n d o n e Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n Re s p o n s e me s s a g e . I n
c o n t r a s t t o t h i s , i n t h e c a s e o f Fi g . 2 4 , t h e s ame n umb e r o f Mo d i f y
Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e s a n d t h e s ame n umb e r o f Mo d i f y Be a r e r
Re s p o n s e me s s a g e s a s t h e n umb e r o f s e t s e s s i o n s n e e d t o b e
25 t r a n smi t t e d / r e c e i v e d .
[ 0 0 9 6 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 27. Fi g . 2 7 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
30 p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e S 1 -MME VMs 1 0 9 - 1 1 1 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
MME 1 0 0 i s d e l e t e d .
[ 0 0 9 7 ]
F i r s t l y, t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 t r a n smi t s a n MME
CONF IGURAT ION UPDATE me s s a g e t o a n eNo d eB (S 4 1 ) . Th e
35
Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 s e t s a n IP a d d r e s s o r o t h e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n
i n f o rma t i o n i n d i c a t i n g a VM a t t h e t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n o f t h e s e s s i o n s
i n a n MME CONF IGURAT ION UPDATE me s s a g e .
[ 0 0 9 8 ]
Ne x t , t h e eNo d eB t r a n smi t s a n MME CONF IGURATIO5 N
UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGE me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a s a
r e s p o n s e t o t h e MME CONF IGURATION UPDATE me s s a g e (S 4 2 ) . Th e
Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 t r a n smi t s a n MME CONF IGURAT ION UPDATE
me s s a g e f o r e a c h o f t h e s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e S 1 -MME VM t o b e d e l e t e d .
10 [ 0 0 9 9 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 28. Fi g . 2 8 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e S 6 a VMs 1 0 1 - 1 0 3 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME
15 1 0 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 5 1 a n d S 5 2 i n Fi g . 2 8 a r e s imi l a r t o
t h o s e i n Fi g . 2 7 e x c e p t t h a t t h e e n t i t y wi t h wh i c h t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME
1 0 0 c ommu n i c a t e s i s t h e HS S 2 1 a n d t h e n ame s o f t r a n smi t t e d / r e c e i v e d
s i g n a l s a r e d i f f e r e n t f r om t h o s e i n F i g . 27. Th e r e f o r e , t h e i r d e t a i l e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e . F u r t h e r , a s t h e t r a n smi t t e d / r e c e i v e d
20 s i g n a l s , a No t i f y Re q u e s t me s s a g e a n d a No t i f y An swe r me s s a g e a r e
u s e d .
[ 0 1 0 0 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
25 e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 29. Fi g . 2 9 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e SGs VM 1 0 7 o r 1 0 8 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 i s
d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 6 1 a n d S 6 2 i n F i g . 2 9 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e i n
F i g . 2 8 e x c e p t t h a t t h e e n t i t y wi t h wh i c h t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0
c ommu n i c a t e s i s t h e VLR o r t h e MSC s e r v e r 7 7 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r
30 d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 0 1 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 30. Fi g . 3 0 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
36
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -CV VM 1 2 3 o r 1 2 4 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW
1 2 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 7 1 a n d S 7 2 i n Fi g . 30 a r e s imi l a r t o
t h o s e i n Fi g . 2 4 e x c e p t t h a t t h e e n t i t y wi t h wh i c h t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW
1 2 0 c ommu n i c a t e s i s t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r
d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r 5 e .
[ 0 1 0 2 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 31. S imi l a r l y t o F i g . 3 0 , Fi g . 3 1
10 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -CV VM 1 2 3 o r 1 2 4
o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s d e l e t e d . Fu r t h e r , wh i l e F i g . 3 0 s h ows a
p r o c e s s i n wh i c h a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e i s t r a n smi t t e d f o r
e a c h s e s s i o n , F i g . 3 1 s h ows a n e x amp l e i n wh i c h a b u l k p r o c e s s i s
p e r f o rme d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 8 1 a n d S 8 2 i n F i g . 3 1 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e
15 i n Fi g . 2 5 e x c e p t t h a t t h e e n t i t y wi t h wh i c h t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0
c ommu n i c a t e s i s t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 0 3 ]
F u r t h e r , s t e p s S 9 1 a n d S 9 2 i n F i g . 3 2 a r e a l s o s imi l a r t o t h o s e i n
20 F i g . 2 6 e x c e p t t h a t t h e e n t i t y wi t h wh i c h t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0
c ommu n i c a t e s i s t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 0 4 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
25 t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 33. Fi g . 3 3 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 2 5 o r 1 2 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW
1 2 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 1 0 1 a n d S 1 0 2 i n Fi g . 3 3 a r e s imi l a r t o
t h o s e i n Fi g . 3 0 e x c e p t t h a t s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e u s e d f o r U - p l a n e d a t a
30 c ommu n i c a t i o n o f a n S 5 / S 8 i n t e r f a c e a r e u p d a t e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r
d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 0 5 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
37
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 34. S imi l a r l y t o F i g . 3 3 , Fi g . 3 4
s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 2 5 o r 1 2 6 o f
t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s d e l e t e d . F u r t h e r , wh i l e Fi g . 3 3 s h ows a
p r o c e s s i n wh i c h a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e i s t r a n smi t t e d f o r
e a c h s e s s i o n , F i g . 3 4 s h ows a n e x amp l e i n wh i c h a b u l k p r o c e s s i 5 s
p e r f o rme d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 1 1 1 a n d S 1 1 2 i n F i g . 3 4 a r e s imi l a r t o
t h o s e i n Fi g . 3 1 e x c e p t t h a t s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e u s e d f o r U - p l a n e d a t a
c ommu n i c a t i o n o f a n S 5 / S 8 i n t e r f a c e a r e u p d a t e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r
d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
10 [ 0 1 0 6 ]
F u r t h e r , s t e p s S 1 2 1 a n d S 1 2 2 i n Fi g . 3 5 a r e a l s o s imi l a r t o t h o s e
i n Fi g . 3 2 e x c e p t t h a t s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e u s e d f o r U- p l a n e d a t a
c ommu n i c a t i o n o f a n S 5 / S 8 i n t e r f a c e a r e u p d a t e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r
d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
15 [ 0 1 0 7 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 36. Fi g . 3 6 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM t h a t s e r v e s a s a n S 4C i n t e r f a c e o f t h e
20 Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 1 3 1 a n d S 1 3 2 i n F i g .
3 6 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e i n F i g . 3 0 e x c e p t t h a t t h e e n t i t y wi t h wh i c h t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 c ommu n i c a t e s i s t h e SGSN 1 4 , a n d t h e r e f o r e
t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 0 8 ]
25 Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 37. S imi l a r l y t o F i g . 3 6 , Fi g . 3 7
s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM t h a t s e r v e s a s a n S 4C
i n t e r f a c e o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s d e l e t e d . F u r t h e r , wh i l e F i g .
30 3 6 s h ows a p r o c e s s i n wh i c h a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e i s
t r a n smi t t e d f o r e a c h s e s s i o n , F i g . 3 7 s h ows a n e x amp l e i n wh i c h a b u l k
p r o c e s s i s p e r f o rme d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 1 4 1 a n d S 1 4 2 i n F i g . 3 7 a r e
s imi l a r t o t h o s e i n Fi g . 3 4 e x c e p t t h a t s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e s e t i n t h e S 4C
i n t e r f a c e a r e u p d a t e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e
38
omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 0 9 ]
F u r t h e r , s t e p s S 1 5 1 a n d S 1 5 2 i n Fi g . 3 8 a r e a l s o s imi l a r t o t h o s e
i n Fi g . 3 5 e x c e p t t h a t s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e s e t i n t h e S 4C i n t e r f a c e a r e
u p d a t e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r 5 e .
[ 0 1 1 0 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 39. Fi g . 3 9 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
10 p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM t h a t s e r v e s a s a n S 4U i n t e r f a c e o f t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s d e l e t e d . Fi r s t l y , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0
t r a n smi t s a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN
1 6 0 ( S 1 6 1 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 t r a n smi t s / r e c e i v e s a Mo d i f y
Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e a n d a f t e r t h a t a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re s p o n s e ( s t e p
15 S 1 6 4 ) t h r o u g h t h e S 4C i n t e r f a c e . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 s e t s a n IP
a d d r e s s i n d i c a t i n g a VM a t t h e t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n o f t h e s e s s i o n s a n d
a TE ID i n t h e Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e .
[ 0 1 1 1 ]
Ne x t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 n o t i f i e s t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC
20 2 1 0 o f t h e u p d a t e i n f o rma t i o n o f t h e VM s e r v i n g a s t h e S 4U i n t e r f a c e
i n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 . S p e c i f i c a l l y, t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0
t r a n smi t s a RELOCAT ION REQUES T me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC
2 1 0 ( S 1 6 2 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 s e t s t h e i n f o rma t i o n r e c e i v e d
i n t h e s t e p S 1 6 1 i n t h e RE LOCAT ION REQUES T me s s a g e . Th e
25 Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 t r a n smi t s a RELOCAT ION REQUES T
ACKNOWLEDGE me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a s a r e s p o n s e
t o t h e RE LOCAT ION REQUES T me s s a g e (S 1 6 3 ) .
[ 0 1 1 2 ]
Up o n r e c e i v i n g t h e RELOCAT ION REQUES T ACKNOWLEDGE
30 me s s a g e i n t h e s t e p S 1 6 3 , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 t r a n smi t s a
Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re s p o n s e me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a s a
r e s p o n s e t o t h e Mo d i f y Be a r e r R e q u e s t (S 1 6 4 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW
1 2 0 t r a n smi t s a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e f o r e a c h o f t h e
s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e VM o f t h e i n t e r f a c e r e l a t e d t o t h e S 4U t o b e
39
d e l e t e d .
[ 0 1 1 3 ]
As e x p l a i n e d a b o v e wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e f i g u r e , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGW 1 2 0 d o e s n o t d i r e c t l y n o t i f y t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 o f t h e
i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e VM, b u t c a n n o t i f y t 5 h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 o f t h e i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e VM
t h r o u g h t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 . I n t h i s wa y, t h e p r o c e s s i n g l o a d o f
t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 f o r t r a n smi t t i n g s i g n a l s t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
RNC 2 1 0 c a n b e r e d u c e d .
10 [ 0 1 1 4 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 40. S imi l a r l y t o F i g . 3 9 , Fi g . 4 0
s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n a VM t h a t s e r v e s a s a n S 4U
15 i n t e r f a c e o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s d e l e t e d . F u r t h e r , wh i l e F i g .
3 9 s h ows a p r o c e s s i n wh i c h a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e i s
t r a n smi t t e d f o r e a c h s e s s i o n , F i g . 4 0 s h ows a n e x amp l e i n wh i c h a b u l k
p r o c e s s i s p e r f o rme d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 1 7 1 a n d S 1 7 2 i n F i g . 4 0 a r e
s imi l a r t o t h o s e i n Fi g . 3 7 e x c e p t t h a t s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e s e t i n t h e S 4U
20 i n t e r f a c e a r e u p d a t e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e
omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 1 5 ]
F u r t h e r , s t e p s S 1 8 1 a n d S 1 8 4 i n Fi g . 4 1 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e i n
F i g . 3 8 e x c e p t t h a t s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e s e t i n t h e S 4U i n t e r f a c e a r e
25 u p d a t e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
F u r t h e r , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 r e p e a t s t h e s t e p s S 1 8 2 a n d S 1 8 3 t h e
s ame n umb e r o f t ime s a s t h e n umb e r o f s e t s e s s i o n s . Th a t i s , t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 n o t i f i e s t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 t h a t a
p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s a r e c o l l e c t i v e l y t r a n s f e r r e d t o a n ew VM b y u s i n g
30 a b u l k p r o c e s s . I n c o n t r a s t t o t h i s , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 d o e s n o t
u s e t h e b u l k p r o c e s s a n d r e p e a t s t h e s t e p s S 1 8 2 a n d S 1 8 3 t h e s ame
n umb e r o f t ime s a s t h e n umb e r o f s e t s e s s i o n s . Wh e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGSN 1 6 0 h a s c omp l e t e d t h e n o t i f i c a t i o n a b o u t t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e VM
i n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 f o r a l l t h e
40
s e s s i o n s , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 t r a n smi t s a n Up d a t e PDN
Co n n e c t i o n Re s p o n s e me s s a g e i n a s t e p S 1 8 4 .
[ 0 1 1 6 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i 5 s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 42. Fi g . 4 2 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 2 7 o r 1 2 8 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s
d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t i n s t e p s S 1 9 1 a n d S 1 9 2 i n F i g . 4 2 , t h e e n t i t y wi t h
wh i c h t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 c ommu n i c a t e s i s t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME
10 1 0 0 . F u r t h e r , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0
u s e a n Up d a t e Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e a n d a n Up d a t e Be a r e r Re s p o n s e
me s s a g e . Th e c o n t e n t o f e a c h o f t h e s e me s s a g e s i s s im i l a r t o t h a t i n
F i g . 3 0 a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 1 7 ]
15 Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 43. S imi l a r l y t o F i g . 4 2 , Fi g . 4 3
s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 2 7 o r 1 2 8 o f t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s d e l e t e d . Fu r t h e r , wh i l e F i g . 4 2 s h ows a
20 p r o c e s s i n wh i c h a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e i s t r a n smi t t e d f o r
e a c h s e s s i o n , F i g . 4 3 s h ows a n e x amp l e i n wh i c h a b u l k p r o c e s s i s
p e r f o rme d .
[ 0 1 1 8 ]
I n F i g . 4 3 , a s a r e s p o n s e t o a Cr e a t e S e s s i o n Re q u e s t me s s a g e
25 t r a n smi t t e d f r om t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0
i n a s t e p S 2 0 1 , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 t r a n smi t s a Cr e a t e S e s s i o n
Re s p o n s e me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 (S 2 0 2 ) . Th e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 t r a n smi t s a CS ID a s s o c i a t e d wi t h a p l u r a l i t y o f
s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e s e t i n t h e Cr e a t e S e s s i o n Re s p o n s e me s s a g e b y u s i n g
30 t h e S 1 1 VM 1 2 8 t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 .
[ 0 1 1 9 ]
No t e t h a t s t e p s S 2 1 1 a n d S 2 1 2 i n F i g . 4 4 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e i n
F i g . 3 8 e x c e p t t h a t s e s s i o n s s e t i n t h e S 1 1 VM 1 2 8 a r e u p d a t e d a n d t h e
e n t i t y wi t h wh i c h t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 c ommu n i c a t e s i s t h e
41
Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e
omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 2 0 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i 5 s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 45. Fi g . 4 5 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 1 2 VM 1 3 1 o r 1 3 2 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s
d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 2 2 1 t o S 2 2 4 i n F i g . 4 5 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e i n
F i g . 3 9 e x c e p t t h a t t h e me s s a g e u s e d i n t h e s t e p s S 2 2 1 a n d S 2 2 4 i s a n
10 Up d a t e Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 2 1 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
15 e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 46. S imi l a r l y t o F i g . 4 5 , Fi g . 4 6
s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 1 2 VM 1 3 1 o r 1 3 2 o f t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s d e l e t e d . Fu r t h e r , wh i l e F i g . 4 5 s h ows a
p r o c e s s i n wh i c h a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e i s t r a n smi t t e d f o r
e a c h s e s s i o n , F i g . 4 6 s h ows a n e x amp l e i n wh i c h a b u l k p r o c e s s i s
20 p e r f o rme d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 2 3 1 a n d S 2 3 2 i n F i g . 4 6 a r e s imi l a r t o
t h o s e i n Fi g . 4 0 e x c e p t t h a t s e s s i o n s t h a t a r e s e t i n t h e S 1 2 VM 1 3 2 a r e
u p d a t e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 2 2 ]
F u r t h e r , s t e p s S 2 4 1 t o S 2 4 4 i n F i g . 4 7 a r e a l s o s imi l a r t o t h o s e
25 i n Fi g . 4 1 e x c e p t t h a t s e s s i o n s s e t i n S 1 2 VM 1 3 2 a r e u p d a t e d , a n d
t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 2 3 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
30 e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 48. Fi g . 4 8 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 1 -U VM 1 2 9 o r 1 3 0 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0
i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t s t e p s S 2 5 1 t o S 2 5 4 i n F i g . 4 8 d i f f e r f r om t h o s e
i n Fi g . 4 5 i n t h a t t h e e n t i t y wi t h wh i c h t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0
c ommu n i c a t e s i s t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a n d t h e e n t i t y wi t h wh i c h
42
t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 c ommu n i c a t e s i s t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 .
F u r t h e r , F i g . 4 8 a l s o d i f f e r s f r om F i g . 4 5 i n t h a t t h e me s s a g e u s e d i n
t h e s t e p s S 2 5 2 a n d S 2 5 3 i s a n E -RAB MODIFY REQUEST me s s a g e .
Th e c o n t e n t a n d t h e l i k e s e t i n t h e me s s a g e a n d o t h e r p r o c e s s e s i n Fi g .
4 8 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e i n F i g . 4 5 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l 5 e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 2 4 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
10 e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 49. S imi l a r l y t o F i g . 4 8 , Fi g . 4 9
s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 1 -U VM 1 2 9 o r 1 3 0 o f t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 i s d e l e t e d . Fu r t h e r , wh i l e F i g . 4 8 s h ows a
p r o c e s s i n wh i c h a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e i s t r a n smi t t e d f o r
e a c h s e s s i o n , F i g . 4 9 s h ows a n e x amp l e i n wh i c h a b u l k p r o c e s s i s
15 p e r f o rme d . S t e p s S 2 6 1 a n d S 2 6 2 i n F i g . 4 9 a r e s imi l a r t o t h e s t e p s
S 2 0 1 a n d S 2 0 2 i n F i g . 4 3 e x c e p t t h a t a CS ID a s s o c i a t e d wi t h t h e S 1 -U
VM 1 3 0 i s n o t i f i e d ( i . e . , s e n t ) , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 2 5 ]
20 F u r t h e r , s t e p s S 2 7 2 t o S 2 7 4 i n F i g . 5 0 a r e a l s o s imi l a r t o t h o s e
i n Fi g . 4 8 e x c e p t t h a t a b u l k p r o c e s s i s p e r f o rme d i n t h e s t e p s S 2 7 1
a n d S 2 7 4 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 2 6 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
25 t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 51. Fi g . 5 1 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gx x VMs 1 2 1 a n d 1 2 2 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0
a r e d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t i n a s t e p S 2 8 1 i n F i g . 5 1 , t h e V- PCRF 5 2 i s
n o t i f i e d o f t h e f a c t t h a t t h e Gx x VMs wi l l b e d e l e t e d b y u s i n g a CCR
30 me s s a g e . F u r t h e r , t h e V-PCRF 5 2 t r a n smi t s a CCA me s s a g e t o t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a s a r e s p o n s e ( S 2 8 2 ) .
[ 0 1 2 7 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
43
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 52. Fi g . 52 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 4 9 o r 1 5 0 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW
1 4 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 5 2 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e
e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 3 0 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h s i g n a l
i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d t h e r e f o 5 r e
t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 2 8 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
10 e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 53. Fi g . 5 3 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 4 9 o r 1 5 0 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW
1 4 0 i s d e l e t e d . I n Fi g . 5 3 , i n o r d e r t o p e r f o rm a b u l k p r o c e s s , t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 t r a n smi t s a Cr e a t e S e s s i o n Re s p o n s e me s s a g e t o
t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a s a r e s p o n s e t o a Cr e a t e S e s s i o n Re q u e s t
15 me s s a g e t r a n smi t t e d i n t h e s t e p S 3 0 1 (S 3 0 2 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW
1 4 0 s e t s a CS ID a s s o c i a t e d wi t h t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 5 0 i n t h e Cr e a t e
S e s s i o n Re s p o n s e me s s a g e .
[ 0 1 2 9 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
20 t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 54. Fi g . 5 4 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -C VM 1 5 0 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 i s
d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 5 4 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e
e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 3 2 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h s i g n a l
25 i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d t h e r e f o r e
t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 3 0 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
30 e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 55. Fi g . 5 5 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 5 1 o r 1 5 2 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW
1 4 0 i s d e l e t e d . Not e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 5 5 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e
e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 3 3 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h s i g n a l
i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d t h e r e f o r e
44
t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 3 1 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 5 6 a n d 5 7 . F i g s . 5 6 a n d 5 7 s h ow 5 a
p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 5 / S 8 -U VM 1 5 2 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
PGW 1 4 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n Fi g . 5 6 a r e s imi l a r t o
t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 3 4 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h
s i g n a l i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d
10 t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e . F u r t h e r , t h e
p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 5 7 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n F i g . 3 5 e x c e p t
t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h s i g n a l i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e
t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
15 [ 0 1 3 2 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 58. Fi g . 5 8 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e SGi VM 1 4 7 o r 1 4 8 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 i s
20 d e l e t e d . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 s e t s t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e SGi VM 1
i n a n Up d a t e r o u t i n g t a b l e me s s a g e a n d t r a n smi t s t h e Up d a t e r o u t i n g
t a b l e me s s a g e t o a TDF , a SDN, o r t h e l i k e i n c l u d e d i n t h e o p e r a t o r
n e two r k 1 8 (S 3 5 1 ) . F u r t h e r , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 r e c e i v e s a n
Up d a t e r o u t i n g a c k n owl e d g e me s s a g e a s a r e s p o n s e t o t h e Up d a t e
25 r o u t i n g t a b l e me s s a g e ( S 3 5 2 ) .
[ 0 1 3 3 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 59. Fi g . 5 9 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
30 p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e Gx VMs 1 4 1 - 1 4 3 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW
1 4 0 i s d e l e t e d . Th e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 5 9 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e i n F i g . 5 1
e x c e p t t h a t o n e o f t h e Gx VMs 1 4 1 - 1 4 3 i s d e l e t e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r
d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 3 4 ]
45
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 60. Fi g . 6 0 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e Gy/Gz VMs 1 4 4 - 1 4 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
PGW 1 4 0 i s d e l e t e d . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 t r a n smi t s a No t i 5 f y
Re q u e s t me s s a g e i n wh i c h a VM t o wh i c h t h e s e s s i o n s o f t h e d e l e t e d
VM h a v e b e e n t r a n s f e r r e d i s s e t t o t h e OCS 5 8 (S 3 7 1 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d
PGW 1 4 0 r e c e i v e s a No t i f y An swe r me s s a g e a s a r e s p o n s e t o t h e No t i f y
Re q u e s t me s s a g e f r om t h e OSC 5 8 ( S 3 7 2 ) . F u r t h e r , s imi l a r l y t o Fi g .
10 6 0 , Fi g . 6 1 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e Gy/Gz
VMs 1 4 4 - 1 4 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 i s d e l e t e d . I n F i g . 6 1 , t h e
e n t i t y wi t h wh i c h t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 c ommu n i c a t e s i s t h e OFCS
6 0 .
[ 0 1 3 5 ]
15 Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 62. Fi g . 6 2 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 4 -C VM 1 6 1 o r 1 6 2 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0
i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 6 2 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e
20 e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 3 6 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h s i g n a l
i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d t h e r e f o r e
t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 3 6 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
25 t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 6 3 a n d 6 4 . F i g s . 6 3 a n d 6 4 s h ow a
p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 4 -C VM 1 6 2 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGSN 1 6 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 6 3 a r e s imi l a r t o
t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 3 7 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h
30 s i g n a l i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d
t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e . F u r t h e r , t h e
p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 6 4 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n F i g . 3 8 e x c e p t
t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h s i g n a l i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e
t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d
46
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 3 7 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 65. Fi g . 6 5 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i 5 s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 4 -U VM 1 6 9 o r 1 7 0 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0
i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 6 2 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e
e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 3 9 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h s i g n a l
i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f i n t h e s t e p s
10 S 1 6 1 a n d S 1 6 4 , i . e . , i n t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGSN 1 6 0 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 e x p l a i n e d a b o v e wi t h
r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 3 9 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e
omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 3 8 ]
15 Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 6 6 a n d 6 7 . F i g s . 6 6 a n d 6 7 s h ow a
p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 4 -U VM 1 7 0 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGSN 1 6 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 6 6 a r e s imi l a r t o
20 t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 4 0 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h
s i g n a l i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d
t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e . F u r t h e r , t h e
p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 6 7 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n F i g . 4 1 e x c e p t
t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h s i g n a l i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e
25 t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f i n t h e s t e p s S 1 8 1 a n d S 1 8 4 , i . e . , i n
t h e c ommu n i c a t i o n b e twe e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a n d t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 e x p l a i n e d a b o v e wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 4 1 , a n d
t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 3 9 ]
30 Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 68. Fi g . 6 8 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e I u -C VM 1 7 3 o r 1 7 4 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0
i s d e l e t e d .
47
[ 0 1 4 0 ]
Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 t r a n smi t s a n I u UPDATE Re q u e s t
me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 (S 4 5 1 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN
1 6 0 s e t s i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t a VM a t t h e t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n o f t h e
s e s s i o n s a f t e r t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e I u -C VM 1 7 3 o r 1 7 4 i n a n I 5 u
UPDATEREQUES T me s s a g e . Ne x t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 r e c e i v e s
a n I u UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGE me s s a g e a s a r e s p o n s e t o t h e I u
UPDATEREQUES T me s s a g e (S 4 5 2 ) .
[ 0 1 4 1 ]
10 Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 69. Fi g . 6 9 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e I u -U VM 1 7 5 o r 1 7 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGS N 1 6 0
i s d e l e t e d .
15 [ 0 1 4 2 ]
Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 t r a n smi t s a RE LOCAT ION Re q u e s t
me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 (S 4 6 1 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN
1 6 0 s e t s i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t a VM a t t h e t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n o f t h e
s e s s i o n s a f t e r t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e I u -U VM 1 7 5 o r 1 7 6 i n a
20 RE LOCATION Re q u e s t me s s a g e . Ne x t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0
r e c e i v e s a RE LOCAT ION REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE me s s a g e a s a
r e s p o n s e t o t h e RELOCAT ION Re q u e s t me s s a g e ( S 4 6 2 ) .
[ 0 1 4 3 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
25 t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 7 0 a n d 7 1 . F i g s . 7 0 a n d 7 1 s h ow a
p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e I u -U VM 1 7 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGSN 1 6 0 i s d e l e t e d .
[ 0 1 4 4 ]
30 I n F i g . 7 0 , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 t r a n smi t s a RAB
AS S IGNMENT Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d RNC 2 1 0 ( S 4 7 1 ) .
Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 s e t s a CS ID a s s o c i a t e d wi t h t h e I u -U VM
1 7 6 i n t h e RAB AS S IGNMENT Re q u e s t me s s a g e . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGSN 1 6 0 r e c e i v e s a RAB AS S IGNMENT RES PONS E me s s a g e a s a
48
r e s p o n s e t o t h e RAB AS S IGNMENT Re q u e s t me s s a g e (S 4 7 2 ) .
[ 0 1 4 5 ]
F i g . 7 1 s h ows t h a t t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
RNC 2 1 0 p e r f o rm a b u l k p r o c e s s r e l a t e d t o t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e I u -U VM
1 7 6 b y u s i n g a n Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n S e t Re q u e s t me s s a g e a n d t 5 h e
Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n Re s p o n s e me s s a g e .
[ 0 1 4 6 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
10 e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 72. Fi g . 7 2 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gr / S 6 d VM 1 6 7 o r 1 6 8 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN
1 6 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 7 2 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e
e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 2 8 e x c e p t t h a t t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 i n F i g . 2 8 i s
r e p l a c e d b y t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 . Fu r t h e r , i n F i g . 7 3 , a n An y
15 Time Mo d i f i c a t i o n Re q u e s t me s s a g e a n d a n An y Time Mo d i f i c a t i o n
Re s p o n s e me s s a g e a r e u s e d i n s t e a d o f t h e No t i f y Re q u e s t me s s a g e a n d
t h e No t i f y An swe r me s s a g e u s e d i n F i g . 7 2 .
[ 0 1 4 7 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
20 t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 74. Fi g . 7 4 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gn -C VM 1 6 3 o r 1 6 4 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0
i s d e l e t e d .
[ 0 1 4 8 ]
25 Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 t r a n smi t s a n Up d a t e PDP c o n t e x t
Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 (S 5 1 1 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGSN 1 6 0 s e t s i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t a VM a t t h e t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n o f
t h e s e s s i o n s a f t e r t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e Gn -C VM 1 6 3 o r 1 6 4 i n a n Up d a t e
PDP c o n t e x t Re q u e s t me s s a g e . Ne x t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0
30 r e c e i v e s a n Up d a t e PDP c o n t e x t Re s p o n s e me s s a g e a s a r e s p o n s e t o t h e
Up d a t e PDP c o n t e x t Re q u e s t me s s a g e (S 5 1 2 ) .
[ 0 1 4 9 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
49
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 7 5 a n d 7 6 . F i g s . 7 5 a n d 7 6 s h ow a
p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gn -C VM 1 6 4 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGSN 1 6 0 i s d e l e t e d .
[ 0 1 5 0 ]
I n F i g . 7 5 , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 t r a n smi t s a Cr e a t e PD5 P
c o n t e x t Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 (S 5 2 1 ) . Th e
Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 s e t s a CS ID a s s o c i a t e d wi t h t h e Gn -C VM 1 6 4 i n
t h e Cr e a t e PDP c o n t e x t Re q u e s t me s s a g e . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0
r e c e i v e s a Cr e a t e PDP c o n t e x t Re s p o n s e me s s a g e a s a r e s p o n s e t o t h e
10 Cr e a t e PDP c o n t e x t Re q u e s t me s s a g e (S 5 2 2 ) .
[ 0 1 5 1 ]
F i g . 7 6 s h ows t h a t t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
GGSN 1 8 0 p e r f o rm a b u l k p r o c e s s r e l a t e d t o t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e Gn -C
VM 1 6 4 b y u s i n g a n Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n S e t Re q u e s t me s s a g e a n d
15 t h e Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n Re s p o n s e me s s a g e .
[ 0 1 5 2 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 77. Fi g . 7 7 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
20 p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gn -U VM 1 6 5 o r 1 6 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0
i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e o p e r a t i o n i n F i g . 7 7 i s s imi l a r t o t h a t i n F i g .
7 4 e x c e p t t h a t t h e Gn -U VM, i n s t e a d o f t h e Gn -C VM, i s u p d a t e d i n t h e
p r o c e s s , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 5 3 ]
25 Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 7 8 a n d 7 9 . F i g s . 7 8 a n d 7 9 s h ow a
p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gn -U VM 1 6 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
SGSN 1 6 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g s . 7 8 a n d 7 9 a r e
30 s imi l a r t o t h o s e i n Fi g s . 7 5 a n d 7 6 e x c e p t t h a t t h e Gn -U VM i s
u p d a t e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 5 4 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
50
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 80. Fi g . 8 0 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gs VM 1 7 1 o r 1 7 2 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 i s
d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 8 0 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e
e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 2 9 e x c e p t t h a t t h e Gs VM i s u p d a t e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e
t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r 5 e .
[ 0 1 5 5 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 81. Fi g . 8 1 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
10 p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gn -C VM 1 8 9 o r 1 9 0 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0
i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 8 1 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e
e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 7 4 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h s i g n a l
i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d t h e r e f o r e
t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
15 [ 0 1 5 6 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 8 2 a n d 8 3 . F i g s . 8 2 a n d 8 3 s h ow a
p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gn -C VM 1 9 0 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
20 GGSN 1 8 0 i s d e l e t e d .
[ 0 1 5 7 ]
I n F i g . 8 2 , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 t r a n smi t s a Cr e a t e PDP
c o n t e x t Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 (S 5 9 1 ) . Ne x t ,
t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 t r a n smi t s a Cr e a t e PDP c o n t e x t Re s p o n s e
25 me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a s a r e s p o n s e t o t h e Cr e a t e PDP
c o n t e x t Re q u e s t me s s a g e ( S 5 9 2 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 180 s e t s a
CS ID a s s o c i a t e d wi t h t h e Gn -C VM 1 9 0 i n t h e Cr e a t e PDP c o n t e x t
Re s p o n s e me s s a g e .
[ 0 1 5 8 ]
30 F i g . 8 3 s h ows t h a t t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
GGSN 1 8 0 p e r f o rm a b u l k p r o c e s s r e l a t e d t o t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e Gn -C
VM 1 9 0 b y u s i n g a n Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n S e t Re q u e s t me s s a g e a n d
t h e Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n Re s p o n s e me s s a g e .
[ 0 1 5 9 ]
51
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 84. Fi g . 8 4 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gn -U VM 1 9 1 o r 1 9 2 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGS N 1 8 0
i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 8 4 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o 5 s e
e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 7 7 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h s i g n a l
i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d t h e r e f o r e
t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 6 0 ]
10 Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 8 5 a n d 8 6 . F i g s . 8 5 a n d 8 6 s h ow a
p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gn -U VM 1 9 2 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
GGSN 1 8 0 i s d e l e t e d .
15 [ 0 1 6 1 ]
P r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 8 5 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n F i g . 8 2
e x c e p t t h a t t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 t r a n smi t s t h e CS ID r e l a t e d t o t h e
Gn-U VM 1 9 2 t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r
d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
20 [ 0 1 6 2 ]
F i g . 8 6 s h ows t h a t t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGSN 1 6 0 a n d t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
GGSN 1 8 0 p e r f o rm a b u l k p r o c e s s r e l a t e d t o t h e d e l e t i o n o f t h e Gn -U
VM 1 9 2 b y u s i n g a n Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n S e t Re q u e s t me s s a g e a n d
t h e Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n Re s p o n s e me s s a g e .
25 [ 0 1 6 3 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 87. Fi g . 8 7 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e Gi VM 1 8 7 o r 1 8 8 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 i s
30 d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 8 7 a r e s imi l a r t o t h o s e
e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 5 8 e x c e p t t h a t t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 i s u s e d i n
p l a c e o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 6 4 ]
52
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 88. Fi g . 8 8 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e Gx VMs 1 8 1 t o 1 8 3 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
GGSN 1 8 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 8 8 a r e s imi l a r t 5 o
t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 5 9 e x c e p t t h a t t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 i s
u s e d i n p l a c e o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 6 5 ]
10 Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 89. Fi g . 8 9 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e Gy/Gz VMs 1 8 4 t o 1 8 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
GGSN 1 8 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 8 9 a r e s imi l a r t o
15 t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 6 0 e x c e p t t h a t t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 i s
u s e d i n p l a c e o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 6 6 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
20 t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 90. Fi g . 9 0 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e Gy/Gz VMs 1 8 4 t o 1 8 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
GGSN 1 8 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n F i g . 9 0 a r e s imi l a r t o
t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 6 1 e x c e p t t h a t t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d GGSN 1 8 0 i s
25 u s e d i n p l a c e o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d PGW 1 4 0 , a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 6 7 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
30 e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 91. Fi g . 9 1 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e S 1 -MME VMs 2 0 1 t o 2 0 3 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
eNo d eB 2 0 0 i s d e l e t e d .
[ 0 1 6 8 ]
Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 t r a n smi t s a n eNB
53
CONF IGURAT ION UPDATE me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0
(S 6 8 1 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 s e t s i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t a VM a t
t h e t r a n s f e r d e s t i n a t i o n o f t h e s e s s i o n s a f t e r t h e d e l e t i o n o f o n e o f t h e
S1-MME VMs 2 0 1 t o 2 0 3 i n a n eNB CONF IGURAT ION UPDATE
me s s a g e . Ne x t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 r e c e i v e s a n eN5 B
CONF IGURAT ION UPDATE ACKNOWLEDGE me s s a g e a s a r e s p o n s e t o
t h e eNB CONF IGURAT ION UPDATE me s s a g e ( S 6 8 2 ) .
[ 01 6 9 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
10 t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 92. Fi g . 9 2 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e S 1 -U VMs 2 0 4 t o 2 0 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
eNo d eB 2 0 0 i s d e l e t e d .
[ 0 1 7 0 ]
15 F i r s t l y, t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 t r a n smi t s a n E -RAB
MODIFY Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 (S 6 9 1 ) . Th e
Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 s e t s i n f o rma t i o n a b o u t a VM a t t h e t r a n s f e r
d e s t i n a t i o n o f t h e s e s s i o n s a f t e r t h e d e l e t i o n o f o n e o f t h e S 1 -U VMs
2 0 4 t o 2 0 6 i n a n E -RAB MODIFY Re q u e s t me s s a g e . No t e t h a t t h e
20 Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 t r a n smi t s t h e E -RAB MODIFY Re q u e s t
me s s a g e t h r o u g h a n S 1 -MME i n t e r f a c e .
[ 0 1 7 1 ]
Ne x t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 t r a n smi t s t h e Mo d i f y Be a r e r
Re q u e s t me s s a g e i n wh i c h t h e i n f o rma t i o n n o t i f i e d ( i . e . , s e n t ) f r om t h e
25 Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 i s s e t t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 ( S 6 9 2 ) .
Ne x t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 r e c e i v e s a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re s p o n s e
me s s a g e f r om t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 a s a r e s p o n s e t o t h e Mo d i f y
Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e ( S 6 9 3 ) . Ne x t , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0
t r a n smi t s a n E -RAB MODIFY ACKNOWLEDGE me s s a g e t o t h e
30 Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 a s a r e s p o n s e t o t h e Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t
me s s a g e (S 6 9 4 ) .
[ 0 1 7 2 ]
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
54
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g s . 9 3 a n d 9 4 . F i g s . 9 3 a n d 9 4 s h ow a
p r o c e s s t h a t i s p e r f o rme d wh e n t h e S 1 -U VM 2 0 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
eNo d eB 2 0 0 i s d e l e t e d .
[ 0 1 7 3 ]
F i r s t l y, t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 t r a n smi t s a n I n i t i a l Co n t e 5 x t
S e t u p Re s p o n s e me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 a s a r e s p o n s e t o
t h e I n i t i a l Co n t e x t S e t u p Re q u e s t me s s a g e r e c e i v e d i n t h e s t e p S 7 0 1
(S 7 0 2 ) . Th e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 s e t s a CS ID a s s o c i a t e d wi t h t h e
S1-U VM 2 0 6 i n t h e I n i t i a l Co n t e x t S e t u p Re s p o n s e me s s a g e . Th e
10 Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 n o t i f i e s t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 o f t h e CS ID
n o t i f i e d ( i . e . , s e n t ) f r om t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 b y
t r a n smi t t i n g / r e c e i v i n g a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e (S 7 0 3 ) a n d a
Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re s p o n s e me s s a g e (S 7 0 4 ) .
[ 0 1 7 4 ]
15 I n F i g . 9 4 , wh e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 d e l e t e s t h e S 1 -U
VM 2 0 6 , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 t r a n smi t s a n Up d a t e PDN
Co n n e c t i o n S e t Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 . Th e
Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 s e t s a CS ID a s s o c i a t e d wi t h t h e S 1 -U VM 2 0 6
t o b e d e l e t e d i n t h e Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n S e t Re q u e s t me s s a g e
20 (S 7 1 1 ) .
[ 0 1 7 5 ]
Ne x t , wh e n t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 r e c e i v e s t h e Up d a t e PDN
Co n n e c t i o n S e t Re q u e s t me s s a g e wi t h t h e CS ID s e t t h e r e i n , t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 t r a n smi t s a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re q u e s t me s s a g e t o
25 t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d SGW 1 2 0 f o r a p l u r a l i t y o f s e s s i o n s a s s o c i a t e d wi t h t h e
CS ID a t a t ime (S 7 1 2 ) a n d r e c e i v e s a Mo d i f y Be a r e r Re s p o n s e me s s a g e
a s i t s r e s p o n s e (S 7 1 3 ) . Th a t i s , t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 r e p e a t s t h e
s t e p s S 7 1 2 a n d S 7 1 3 u n t i l t h e p r o c e s s e s f o r a l l t h e s e s s i o n s h a v e b e e n
c omp l e t e d .
30 [ 0 1 7 6 ]
Wh e n t h e p r o c e s s e s f o r a l l t h e s e s s i o n s h a v e b e e n c omp l e t e d , t h e
Vi r t u a l i z e d MME 1 0 0 t r a n smi t s a n Up d a t e PDN Co n n e c t i o n Re s p o n s e
me s s a g e t o t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d eNo d eB 2 0 0 (S 7 1 4 ) .
[ 0 1 7 7 ]
55
Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 95. Fi g . 9 5 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e I u -C VMs 2 1 1 t o 2 1 3 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
RNC 2 1 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n Fi g . 9 5 a r e s imi l a r t 5 o
t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 6 8 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h
s i g n a l i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d
t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
[ 0 1 7 8 ]
10 Ne x t , a f l ow o f a s e s s i o n i n f o rma t i o n u p d a t e p r o c e s s a c c o r d i n g
t o t h e s e c o n d e x emp l a r y emb o d ime n t o f t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n t i o n i s
e x p l a i n e d wi t h r e f e r e n c e t o F i g . 96. Fi g . 9 6 s h ows a p r o c e s s t h a t i s
p e r f o rme d wh e n o n e o f t h e I u -U VMs 2 1 4 t o 2 1 6 o f t h e Vi r t u a l i z e d
RNC 2 1 0 i s d e l e t e d . No t e t h a t t h e p r o c e s s e s i n Fi g . 9 6 a r e s imi l a r t o
15 t h o s e e x p l a i n e d i n Fi g . 6 9 e x c e p t t h a t t h e t r a n smi s s i o n s o u r c e o f e a c h
s i g n a l i s i n t e r c h a n g e d wi t h t h e t r a n smi s s i o n d e s t i n a t i o n t h e r e o f , a n d
t h e r e f o r e t h e i r d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n s a r e omi t t e d h e r e .
WE CLAIM:
1. A communication system comprising:
a first communication device, and
a second communication device configured to control a plurality 5 of sessions set between the first and second communication devices by using a plurality of VMs, wherein
the second communication device notifies, by using a determination that a plurality of sessions that are controlled between the first communication device and a first VM among the plurality of 10 VMs should be controlled in a second VM among the plurality of VMs different from the first VM as a trigger, the first communication device of identification information used in the second VM and updates the sessions.
15
2. The communication system according to Claim 1, wherein the second communication device notifies the first communication device of identification information used in the second VM for the plurality of sessions at a time.
20
3. The communication system according to Claim 1, wherein the second communication device sets common group identification information for the plurality of sessions and notifies the first communication device of the identification information used in the second VM, which newly controls the plurality of sessions for which 25 the group identification information is set, while associating the identification information with the group identification information.
4. The communication system according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein 30
the plurality of sessions include a U-Plane session and a C-Plane session, and
the second communication device notifies, by using a fact that
62
the second VM will control the U-Plane session controlled by the first VM as a trigger, the first communication device of the identification information used in the second VM through the C-Plane session.
5. The communication system according to Claim 4, further 5 comprising a third communication device configured to connect with the first and second communication devices through the C-Plane session, wherein
the second communication device notifies, by using a fact that the second VM will control the U-Plane session set between the first 10 and second communication devices as a trigger, the first communication device of the identification information used in the second VM through the C-Plane session set between the second and third communication devices.
15
6. The communication system according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, wherein the identification information used in the second VM is an IP address or a TEID (Tunnel Endpoint ID).
7. The communication system according to any one of Claims 1 20 to 6, wherein the second communication device comprises a different VM for each interface, the interface being used when the second communication device connects with a counterpart device.
8. The communication system according to Claim 7, wherein the 25 VM comprises a plurality of communication resources used in the second communication device.
9. The communication system according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, wherein the first and second communication devices forms a 30 communication system specified under 3GPP.
10. A communication device comprising:
63
control means for controlling a plurality of sessions set between the communication device and another communication device by using a plurality of VMs;
notifying, by using a determination that a plurality of sessions that are controlled between the another communication device and a 5 first VM among the plurality of VMs should be controlled in a second VM among the plurality of VMs different from the first VM as a trigger, the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM; and
updating the sessions. 10
11. The communication device according to Claim 10, wherein the control means notifies the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM for the plurality of sessions at a time. 15
12. The communication device according to Claim 11, wherein the control means sets common group identification information for the plurality of sessions and notifies the another communication device of the identification information used in the second VM, which newly 20 control the plurality of sessions for which the group identification information is set, while associating the identification information with the group identification information.
13. The communication device according to any one of Claims 25 10 to 12, wherein
the plurality of sessions include a U-Plane session and a C-Plane session, and
the control means notifies, by using a fact that the second VM will control the U-Plane session controlled by the first VM as a 30 trigger, the another communication device of the identification information used in the second VM through the C-Plane session.
64
14. A communication method comprises:
controlling a plurality of sessions set with another communication device by using a plurality of VMs;
determining that a plurality of sessions that are controlled between the another communication device and a first VM among the 5 plurality of VMs should be controlled in a second VM among the plurality of VMs different from the first VM;
notifying the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM; and
updating the sessions. 10
15. The communication method according to Claim 14, further comprising:
when notifying the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM, notifying the 15 another communication device of identification information used in the second VM for the plurality of sessions at a time.
16. The communication method according to Claim 14, further comprising: 20
when notifying the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM, setting common group identification information for the plurality of sessions and notifying the another communication device of the identification information used in the second VM, which newly controls the plurality 25 of sessions for which the group identification information is set, while associating the identification information with the group identification information.
17 . The communication method according to Claim 14, further 30 comprising:
when notifying the another communication device of identification information used in the second VM, notifying, by using a
65
fact that the second VM will control the U-Plane session controlled by the first VM as a trigger, the another communication device of the identification information used in the second VM through the C-Plane session,
wherein the plurality of sessions include a U-Plane session and a 5 C-Plane session.
18 . The communication method according to Claim 14, wherein the identification information used in the second VM is an IP address or a TEID (Tunnel Endpoint ID). 10
19 . The communication method according to Claim 14, wherein the plurality of VMs are a different VM for each interface, the interface being used when connecting with a counterpart device.
| # | Name | Date |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | PROOF OF RIGHT [09-08-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-08-09 |
| 2 | Priority Document [09-08-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-08-09 |
| 3 | Power of Attorney [09-08-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-08-09 |
| 4 | Form 5 [09-08-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-08-09 |
| 5 | Form 3 [09-08-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-08-09 |
| 6 | Form 18 [09-08-2016(online)].pdf_171.pdf | 2016-08-09 |
| 7 | Form 18 [09-08-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-08-09 |
| 8 | Form 1 [09-08-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-08-09 |
| 9 | Drawing [09-08-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-08-09 |
| 10 | Description(Complete) [09-08-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-08-09 |
| 11 | 201617027249-Power of Attorney-220816.pdf | 2016-08-24 |
| 12 | 201617027249-OTHERS-220816.pdf | 2016-08-24 |
| 13 | 201617027249-OTHERS-220816-.pdf | 2016-08-24 |
| 14 | 201617027249-OTHERS-220816--.pdf | 2016-08-24 |
| 15 | 201617027249-Correspondence-220816.pdf | 2016-08-24 |
| 16 | abstract.jpg | 2016-09-03 |
| 17 | Marked Copy [09-09-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-09-09 |
| 18 | Form 13 [09-09-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-09-09 |
| 19 | Description(Complete) [09-09-2016(online)].pdf | 2016-09-09 |
| 20 | 201617027249.pdf | 2016-09-20 |
| 21 | Form 3 [02-02-2017(online)].pdf | 2017-02-02 |
| 22 | 201617027249-FER.pdf | 2019-07-31 |
| 1 | 2019-07_29-07-2019.pdf |