[0001]The present invention relates to the provision of system information in a cellular or wireless telecommunications network, and particularly but not exclusively to optimising the provision of system information from a base station to user equipment in an on-demand or periodic manner. The invention has particular but not exclusive relevance to wireless telecommunications networks implemented according to various standards defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). For example, the invention has relevance to Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, LTE Advanced (LTE-A) networks, related enhancements to and developments of LTE/LTE-A, and to the more recent development of communication technologies beyond LTE/LTE-A into so-called ‘5G’ or ‘new radio’ (NR) technologies.
Background Art
[0002]
The terms ‘5G’ and ‘new radio’ (NR) refer to an evolving communication technology that is expected to support a variety of applications and services such as Machine Type Communications (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT) communications, vehicular communications and autonomous cars (V2V/V2X), high resolution video streaming, smart city services, and/or the like. Accordingly, 5G/NR technologies are expected to enable network access to vertical markets and support network sharing for offering networking services to third parties and creating new business opportunities.
[0003]
Cellular communication networks generally comprise one or more radio access networks (RAN) that provide items of user equipment (UEs) in at least one discrete geographic region (a cell) covered by the RAN, with access to the communication network, to allow the UEs to communicate with one another and to receive (or provide) one or more communication services to one another. The RAN typically comprises a base station which is configured to communicate with the UEs in an associated cell over an air-interface and with communication entities (or ‘functions’) in a core network (usually over a wired interface) in order to facilitate the set up and maintenance of communication sessions for individual UEs (e.g. for voice / video calls, data services etc.).
[0004]
Whilst a base station of a 5G/NR communication system is commonly referred to as a New Radio Base Station (‘NR-BS’) or as a ‘gNB’ it will be appreciated that they may be referred to using the term, eNB (or 5G/NR eNB) which is more typically associated with LTE base stations. The term ‘base station’ will be used herein to refer generally to an NR-BS, gNB, eNB or any equivalent communication device of a RAN.
[0005]
In 5G, and for IoT in particular, it is expected that, for many use cases, there will be a trade-off between efficient power saving modes and low-latency system access (sometimes referred to as the UE sleeping problem). In order to address the sleeping problem a novel state model for 5G RANs that relies on a new state (which has been referred to as the “connected inactive” state) where both the UE and the network keep some context information while the UE sleeps.
[0006]
One of the tasks of a base station is the provision of the key information required by the UE to communicate in the cellular communication system, access particular services, and move as seamlessly as possible between cells of the same and different radio access technologies (RATs). This information is known as ‘system information’ and includes, amongst other information, information to allow the UE to access a cell and perform cell selection/re-selection (including information related to INTRA-frequency, INTER-frequency and INTER-RAT cell selections).
[0007]
Elements of system information are typically grouped into a number of dedicated system information blocks, depending on the type of information. The blocks include a Master Information Block (MIB) comprising static, generally cell specific, information and a number of additional system information blocks (SIBs) representing information that may be different for different UEs (or groups of UEs). The MIB contains, for example, the downlink bandwidth of the cell, Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) configuration and the System Frame Number (SFN). The MIB is broadcast on the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), while SIBs are sent on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) through Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages. SIB1 is carried by "SystemInformationBlockType 1" message. SIB2 and other SIBs are carried by "SystemInformation (SI)" message. An SI message can contain one or several SIBs.
[0008]
Whilst some system information provided may be required by all UEs in a cell and may need to be transmitted on a relatively regular basis, other system information may not be required by all UEs in the cell at a given time and or may not need to be sent on such a regular basis. Accordingly, in order to help facilitate differential treatment of such system information the system information is divided conceptually into two different types - minimum system information and other system information (OSI).
[0009]
The minimum system information includes a subset of the information blocks (e.g. the MIB, SIB1, SIB2) carrying a ‘minimum’ set of information elements (e.g. those elements required to support cell selection, acquiring OSI, or accessing the cell). The OSI comprises all the system information in the other SIBs. Historically, both the minimum and other system information was broadcast on a periodic basis, albeit that the OSI SIBs could be broadcast with a longer period between broadcasts (as configured by the minimum system information - e.g. SIB1).
[0010]
Referring to the minimum system information, each cell on which a given UE is allowed to camp will have a base station that broadcasts at least some of the minimum system information. There may, however, be cells in the wider cellular network system on which the UE cannot camp and the base station of which does not broadcast the minimum system information. Nevertheless, when a UE considers another cell/frequency for camping on, the UE should, ideally, not be required to acquire minimum system information from the other cell/frequency layer (although this does not preclude the possibility of reception via SFN that has recently been proposed or the UE applying, in full or in part, stored system information from one or more previously visited cells). If a UE cannot determine the full minimum system information of a cell (e.g. by receiving it from the base station operating that cell or from valid stored information from one or more previous cells), the UE will, effectively, treat that cell as having been barred. In this regard it will be appreciated that it is desirable for the UE to know relatively quickly whether it may or may not camp on a given cell.
[0011]
Referring to the OSI, it has been proposed that both network triggered and UE initiated mechanisms for OSI delivery should be considered and, specifically, to allow the OSI SIBs to be broadcast, or unicast (provisioned in a dedicated manner) ‘on-demand’ at the request of one or more UEs. Minimum system information, in this case, would still be broadcast on a periodic basis as before with the network (e.g. base station) deciding whether the OSI should be broadcast or delivered through UE-specific (unicast) signalling. For on-demand system information, when triggered, the OSI SIBs may be broadcasted at a configurable periodicity (e.g. equivalent to the SI period in LTE) and for a certain duration. Ideally, however, any request of the OSI by UE in an idle or the new state should be performed without state transition (for example without entering a radio resource control (RRC) connected state). For UEs in an RRC connected state, dedicated RRC signalling can be used for the request and delivery of OSI.
[0012]
When system information is required by a UE, the UE should be able to determine whether that system information is available in the cell in which the UE is currently located and whether or not the system information is broadcast before the UE sends a request for the required OSI (for example by checking the minimum system information). The minimum system information broadcast in a given cell should provide information on the OSI available in that cell, including scheduling information for OSI SIBs. The scheduling information for the OSI typically includes SIB type, validity information, periodicity, and SI-window information. The UE checks the scheduling information of the OSI provided in the minimum system information to detect whether a specific SIB is being broadcast or not. The SI transmission window used in LTE may also be the baseline for the system information transmission for 5G / NR communication systems.
[0013]
The UE may request OSI at any suitable juncture. Typically, for example, the UE will request OSI when the cell changes (e.g. handover), when the UE has interest in a particular service (e.g., MBMS, MTC) and/or just before UE connection in a cell. The request may be made in any suitable form, for example, using a common random access channel (RACH) preamble.
[0014]
The use of on-demand broadcast of system information promises resource saving benefits, compared to (legacy) periodic broadcasts triggered by the base station without UE involvement, because it allows resources that would otherwise be used for OSI broadcasts to be saved when there are no UEs that require the OSI in the relevant cell. This is illustrated in Figure 1 which illustrates a comparison between periodic broadcasts (Figure 1(a)) and on-demand broadcasts (Figure 1(b)). In the example of Figure 1(a), the base station is configured to trigger the broadcast of OSI periodically (with a periodicity of T) at every periodic opportunity regardless of whether there is a UE that requires any of the OSI in that cell or not. Contrastingly, in the example of Figure 1(b), whilst the base station is provided with a periodic opportunity (with the same periodicity of T as in Figure 1(a)) to broadcast OSI, the base station only triggers the broadcast of OSI in a cell following a request from one or more UEs in that cell, for on-demand OSI broadcast, in a preceding period T. Accordingly, when no UEs have requested the OSI in a given period T, the following broadcast opportunity can potentially be cancelled (assuming it is not required for a further transmission of any OSI requested in an earlier period), and the resources reserved for these cancelled opportunities are saved (4 out of the 8 opportunities in the example of Figure 1(b)).
[0015]
It will be appreciated that, as shown in Figure 1(b), irrespective of how many UEs have requested OSI broadcast during a given interval T, there need only be one broadcast of OSI, in a corresponding broadcast opportunity, that all UEs making an OSI request will be able to decode.
[0016]
It will also be appreciated that, whilst Figure 1(b) shows OSI transmissions in each of two consecutive broadcast opportunities, following a period T in which there are UE requests for OSI, the OSI transmission can occur once or multiple times (e.g. over multiple periods) following an on-demand request.
Summary of Invention
Technical Problem
[0017]
However, whilst the use of on-demand broadcast of system information promises resource saving benefits, compared to normal periodic broadcasts triggered by the base station without UE involvement, the inventors have realised that in some scenarios the use of on-demand broadcast can result in a high additional signalling overhead without sufficient resource saving benefits to justify the additional signalling overhead.
[0018]
The present invention seeks to provide a communication system and associated apparatus and methods for meeting or at least partially addressing the above issues.
[0019]
In more detail, the utilisation, U, of OSI transmission opportunities, using on-demand broadcast (with a periodicity T), is given by the following equation:
[Math. 1]

where λ is the so-called ‘arrival’ rate of UEs (in units of UEs per second) that request on-demand broadcast of OSI with a periodicity T, and where K is the number of transmissions of OSI for a given OSI request (i.e. K=1 for a one-shot transmission of OSI).
[0020]
The saving, S, of transmission opportunities of OSI, using on-demand broadcast (with a periodicity T) represents the un-utilised opportunities and is therefore given by the equation:
[Math. 2]

Thus, U increases with increased periodicity T and/or increased λ. That is, the saving in transmission opportunities for OSI using on-demand broadcast, compared with the case of periodic broadcast (upper bound), is reduced with increased periodicity T and/or increased λ. For example, for T=80ms and λ=5 UEs/s, the saving is S = 0.68 (i.e. 68%). This saving is then reduced to 0.45 (45%), 0.2 (20%) and 0.05 (5%) for T=160ms, 320ms, and 640ms, respectively.
[0021]
It follows from equation (2) above, therefore, that when the network selects a large value of periodicity T, for on-demand broadcast, there may be no resource saving benefits (compared to normal periodic broadcasts triggered by the base station without UE involvement) when there is a small arrival rate of UEs requesting on-demand broadcast (small λ). Similarly, when the network selects a small value for periodicity T, for on-demand broadcast, there may be no resource saving benefits (compared to normal periodic broadcasts triggered by the base station without UE involvement) when there is a high arrival rate of UEs requesting on-demand broadcast (high λ).
[0022]
High numbers of UEs requesting on-demand broadcast (i.e. high λ) can increase uplink signalling overhead (for example on a random access channel (RACH) and reserved random access (RA) preambles). Large values of broadcast periodicity T can delay the delivery of OSI to UEs. This delay may not be suitable to meet the latency requirements of certain UEs (e.g. UEs with delay sensitive services/applications/use cases).
[0023]
Thus, the use of on-demand broadcast can result in a high additional signalling overhead without sufficient resource saving benefits to justify the additional signalling overhead.
Solution to Problem
[0024]
In one aspect of the invention there is provided a communication apparatus for a telecommunication system, the communication apparatus comprising: a controller and a transceiver; wherein the controller is configured to: control transmission of system information, by the transceiver, in at least one cell operated by the communication apparatus, using: a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell; determine a utilisation level representing an extent to which said on-demand transmission mode is being, or will be, utilised by the at least one communication device; and switch, based on said determined utilisation level, between using said on-demand transmission mode, and not using said on-demand transmission mode, for transmitting at least a given part of said system information.
[0025]
In another aspect of the invention a communication device for a telecommunication system, the communication device comprising: a controller and a transceiver; wherein the controller is configured to: control reception, by the transceiver, of system information transmitted in a cell by communication apparatus, wherein said system information is transmitted using at least one of: a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell; identifying what system information is required for which use of said on-demand transmission mode is switched on; and control transmission, by the transceiver, of a request for the identified system information; wherein the controller is configured to control the timing said request based on what system information has been identified as being required.
[0026]
In another aspect of the invention there is provided communication apparatus for a telecommunication system, the communication apparatus comprising: a controller and a transceiver; wherein the controller is configured to: control transmission of system information, by the transceiver, in at least one cell operated by the communication apparatus, using: a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell; wherein, when using the on-demand transmission mode, the controller is operable to control the timing of transmissions of requested system information to coincide with transmission opportunities configured to occur at a regular periodic interval; wherein the requested system information is transmitted in at least one of said periodic transmission opportunities following at least one request for that system information; and wherein, the controller is configured to configure at least one periodicity, for the periodic intervals between said transmission opportunities, to target a required utilisation level.
[0027]
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method performed by a communication apparatus for a telecommunication system the method comprising: controlling transmission of system information in at least one cell operated by the communication apparatus, using: a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell; determining a utilisation level representing an extent to which said on-demand transmission is being, or will be, utilised by the at least one communication device; and switching, based on said determined utilisation level, between using said on-demand transmission mode, and not using said on-demand transmission mode, for transmitting at least a given part of said system information.
[0028]
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method performed by a communication device in a telecommunication system, the method comprising: receiving system information transmitted in a cell, by a communication apparatus, wherein said system information is transmitted using at least one of: a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell; identifying what system information is required for which use of said on-demand transmission mode is switched on; and transmitting a request for the identified system information, wherein said request is timed based on what system information has been identified as being required.
[0029]
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a method performed by a communication apparatus for a telecommunication system, the communication apparatus comprising: a controller and a transceiver; wherein the controller is configured to: control transmission of system information, by the transceiver, in at least one cell operated by the communication apparatus, using: a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell; wherein, when using the on-demand transmission mode, the controller is configured to control the timing of transmissions of requested system information to coincide with transmission opportunities configured to occur at a regular periodic interval; wherein the requested system information is transmitted in at least one of said periodic transmission opportunities following at least one request for that system information; and wherein, the controller is configured to configure at least one periodicity, for the periodic intervals between said transmission opportunities, to target a required utilisation level.
[0030]
Aspects of the invention extend to computer program products such as computer readable storage media having instructions stored thereon which are operable to program a programmable processor to carry out a method as described in the aspects and possibilities set out above or recited in the claims and/or to program a suitably adapted computer to provide the apparatus recited in any of the claims.
[0031]
Each feature disclosed in this specification (which term includes the claims) and/or shown in the drawings may be incorporated in the invention independently (or in combination with) with any other disclosed and/or illustrated features. In particular but without limitation the features of any of the claims dependent from a particular independent claim may be introduced into that independent claim in any combination or individually.
[0032]
Whilst specific hardware apparatus having a specific physical structure (e.g. controllers and transceiver circuitry) have been disclosed for performing the various procedures described herein, each step of the methods disclosed in the description and/or forming part of the claims, may be implemented by any suitable means for performing that step. In accordance with this each method aspect of the invention has a corresponding apparatus aspect comprising respective means for performing each step of that method aspect.
[0033]
Example embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the attached figures in which:
Brief Description of Drawings
[0034]
[fig. 1] Figure 1 includes (a) and (b) which are timing diagrams illustrating a comparison between periodic transmission and on-demand transmission of system information;
[fig. 2] Figure 2 schematically illustrates a cellular telecommunication system of a type to which the invention is applicable;
[fig. 3] Figure 3 is a simplified sequence diagram illustrating how system information may be transmitted in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1;
[fig. 4] Figure 4 is a simplified block diagram of physical apparatus for implementing user equipment suitable for use in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1;
[fig. 5] Figure 5 is a simplified block diagram of physical apparatus for implementing a base station suitable for in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1;
[fig. 6] Figure 6 is a simplified flow chart illustrating part of a method for managing the transmission of system information in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1;
[fig. 7] Figure 7 is a simplified flow chart illustrating part of another method for managing the transmission of system information in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1;
[fig. 8] Figure 8 is a simplified flow chart illustrating part of another method for managing the transmission of system information in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1;
[fig. 9] Figure 9 is a simplified flow chart illustrating part of another method for managing the transmission of system information in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1;
[fig. 10] Figure 10 shows a simplified ‘state machine’ instance for on-demand other system information transmission;
[fig. 11] Figures 11(a) and (b) are simplified sequence diagrams illustrating methods for indicating a type of transmission to be used for OSI in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1;
[fig. 12] Figure 12 is a simplified sequence diagram illustrating another method for indicating a type of transmission to be used for OSI in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1;
[fig. 13] Figure 13 is a simplified set of timing diagrams illustrating a method by which user equipment may request OSI in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1;
[fig. 14] Figure 14 is a simplified sequence diagram illustrating a method for configuring a periodicity for on-demand OSI broadcast opportunities in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1;
[fig. 15] Figure 15 is a simplified timing diagram illustrating a method for optimising the periodicity configured for on-demand OSI broadcast opportunities in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1; and
[fig. 16] Figure 16 is a simplified sequence diagram illustrating a method for determining an interval between on-demand OSI broadcast requests in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1.
Description of Embodiments
[0035]
Overview
Figure 2 schematically illustrates a cellular telecommunications system 1 in which a number of items of user equipment (UEs) 3 such as mobile telephones, and other fixed or mobile communication devices (e.g. IoT devices) can communicate with each other via a base station 5 and a core network 7 using an appropriate radio access technology (RAT). As those skilled in the art will appreciate, whilst two mobile devices 3, one IoT device 3, and one base station 5 are shown in Figure 2 for illustration purposes, the system, when implemented, will typically include other base stations and UEs.
[0036]
The base station 5 operates one or more associated cell 9 via which the UEs 3 can connect to the cellular telecommunications system 1. The UEs 3 may connect in the cell 9 by establishing a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the base station 5 operating that cell 9. As can be seen, base station 5 transmits system information 20 in the cell. The system information 20 comprises minimum system information 20-1 which, in this example, includes a subset of the information blocks (e.g. the MIB, SIB1, SIB2) carrying a ‘minimum’ set of information elements (e.g. those elements required to support cell selection, acquiring OSI, or accessing the cell). The system information 20 also comprises other system information (OSI) 20-2 that comprises all the system information in the other SIBs typically available in a cellular communication system.
[0037]
The base stations 5 are connected to the core network 7 for example via an S1 interface and to any other base stations (not shown) for example via an X2 interface (either directly, or via for example an X2 gateway). The core network 7 typically includes logical nodes (or ‘functions’) for supporting communication in the telecommunication system 1. Typically, for example, the core network 7 of a 5G / NR system will include, amongst other functions, control plane functions, user plane functions and other functions for providing the functionality of a mobility management entity (MME), a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network gateway (P-GW) etc.
[0038]
Figure 3 is a simplified sequence diagram illustrating how the system information 20 may be transmitted in the cellular telecommunication system of Figure 1. As seen in Figure 3, the minimum system information 20-1 is transmitted on a regular periodic basis whereas the OSI 20-2 may be broadcast in a periodic manner, may be broadcast on-demand and/or may be unicast on-demand.
[0039]
Beneficially, as described in more detail below, the base station 5 of the cellular telecommunication system 1 manages the transmission of OSI 20-2 to optimise the trade-off between the additional signalling overhead associated with on-demand transmission of OSI 20-2 and the resource usage inefficiencies associated with the sometimes unnecessary transmission of OSI 20-2 on a periodic basis. Specifically, the base station 5 of the cellular telecommunication system 1 manages switching from on-demand transmission of the OSI 20-2 to periodic transmission of OSI 20-2, and vice versa, based on one or more utilisation thresholds. Specifically, the base station 5 manages the switching of on-demand OSI 20-2 between an ON state and an OFF state based on comparisons of the utilisation (or potential utilisation) levels of periodic transmission opportunities associated with on-demand OSI transmission (relative to periodic transmission) with the utilisation threshold(s).
[0040]
Beneficially, as described in more detail below, the base station 5 is able to inform the UE(s) 3 of transitions between the ON state and the OFF state (i.e. between on-demand and periodic transmission of OSI 20-2) promptly and efficiently using any of a number of different mechanisms.
[0041]
During on-demand OSI 20-2 provision, each UE 3 is beneficially able to request a specific required OSI SIB (or SI message) or required group of OSI SIBs (or SI messages), and a number of efficient mechanisms are described by which the UE 3 can make such requests. In one particularly beneficial method described herein, for example, the UE 3 is able to use the timing of its request to efficiently request a particular SIB / SI message or group of such SIBs / SI messages.
[0042]
The base station 5 employs a particularly beneficial method for determining an optimised periodicity for the periodic OSI transmission opportunities based on a target utilisation level threshold and/or latency constraints imposed by UE requirements. In a particularly advantageous variation of this the base station 5 is able to set different periodicities for different UEs based on latency requirements such that on-demand OSI for relaxed latency requirement UEs is transmitted with relatively long periods between transmission opportunities and on-demand OSI for tight latency requirement UEs is transmitted with relatively short periods between transmission opportunities.
[0043]
Beneficially, the cellular telecommunication system 1 also configures a minimum interval that a UE 3 should wait between requests for on-demand OSI 20-2.
[0044]
It will be appreciated that whilst a number of beneficial features are described above, an improved cellular communication system can still be realised even if only a subset (or one) of the beneficial features is employed.
[0045]
User Equipment
Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating the main components of user equipment (such as a mobile telephone) 3 shown in Figure 1. As shown, the UE 3 has a transceiver circuit 31 that is operable to transmit signals to and to receive signals from a base station (e.g. a gNB) 5 via one or more antennae 33. Although not necessarily shown in Figure 4, the UE 3 may of course have all the usual functionality of a conventional UE 3 (such as a user interface 35) and this may be provided by any one or any combination of hardware, software and firmware, as appropriate. The UE 3 has a controller 37 to control the operation of the user equipment 3.
[0046]
The controller 37 is associated with a memory 39 and is coupled to the transceiver circuit 31. Software may be pre-installed in the memory 39 and/or may be downloaded via the telecommunications network or from a removable data storage device (RMD), for example.
[0047]
The controller 37 is configured to control overall operation of the UE 3 by, in this example, program instructions or software instructions stored within the memory 39. As shown, these software instructions include, among other things, an operating system 41, a communications control module 43 and a system information management module 45.
[0048]
The communications control module 43 is operable to control the communication between the UE 3 and the base station 5. The communications control module 43 also controls the separate flows of uplink data and control data (such as OSI requests) that are transmitted to the base station 5 and the reception of downlink data and control data (such as the system information 20) transmitted by the base station 5. The communications control module 43 is responsible, for example, for managing the UE’s part in idle and connected mode procedures such as cell (re)selection, camping on cells, random access channel (RACH) procedures, etc.
[0049]
The system information management module 45 is responsible for managing the listening for, receipt, storage and interpretation of the system information 20 (minimum system information 20-1 and/or OSI 20-2), for generating requests for on-demand system OSI and for triggering the communications control module 43 to transmit such requests. The system information management module 45 is also responsible for controlling the timing of OSI request (e.g. the interval between them and/or to control what OSI is received as a result of the request where applicable).
[0050]
Base Station (gNB)
Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating the main components of a base station 5 of the type shown in Figure 1. As shown, the base station 5 includes transceiver circuitry 51 which is operable to transmit signals to and to receive signals from UEs 3 via one or more antennae 53 and which is operable to transmit signals to and to receive signals from the functions of the core network 7 via a core network interface 55 and/or other base stations via a base station interface 56. The core network interface 55 typically comprises an S1 (or S1-like) interface for communicating with the core network 7 and an X2 (or X2-like) interface for communicating with other base stations. A controller 57 controls the operation of the transceiver circuitry 51 in accordance with software stored in a memory 59. The software includes, among other things, an operating system 61, a communications control module 63 and a system information management module 65. Software may be pre-installed in the memory 59 and/or may be downloaded via the telecommunications network or from a removable data storage device (RMD), for example.
[0051]
The communications control module 63 is operable to control the communication between the base station 5 and the UEs 3 and other network entities that are connected to the base station 5. The communications control module 63 also controls the separate flows of uplink and downlink user traffic and control data (e.g. system information 20) to be received by and transmitted to the UEs 3 served by base station 5 including, for example, control data for managing operation of the UEs 3. The communications control module 63 is responsible, for example, for controlling procedures such as the communication of measurement control / configuration information, system information, the base station’s part in random access channel (RACH) procedures, etc.
[0052]
The system information management module 65 is responsible for managing the generation of system information (SI) messages carrying appropriate system information 20 (minimum system information 20-1 and/or OSI 20-2), for receiving and responding to requests for on-demand system OSI 20-2 and for triggering the communications control module 63 to transmit SI messages. The system information management module 65 is also responsible for determining appropriate periodicities for periodic transmissions of minimum system information 20-1 and OSI 20-2 and for on-demand transmission opportunities.
[0053]
Managing a Transition from On-Demand OSI Transmission to Periodic OSI Transmission
Figure 6 is a simplified flow chart illustrating part of a method for managing the transmission of system information 20, which may be performed by the base station 5 of Figure 1, in which on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is initially in the ON state before being switched to the OFF state. Figure 6 illustrates, in particular, a beneficial method in which the base station switches from on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission to periodic OSI 20-2 transmission based on a threshold, TH OFF.
[0054]
As seen in Figure 6 at S610, minimum system information 20-1 is broadcast periodically in accordance with legacy procedures - this occurs throughout the illustrated process.
[0055]
On-demand OSI 20-2 transmission (broadcast in this example) is initially in the ON state and so OSI 20-2 transmissions occur on-demand, at the request of UEs in the cell 9 of the base station 5, at S612. These OSI 20-2 transmissions occur during periodic broadcast opportunities that occur at a periodicity, T, configured appropriately in the base station 5. The base station 5 measures the utilisation level, U, of the periodic broadcast opportunities at S614 and compares it to a utilisation threshold, TH OFF, that is configured at the base station 5 for turning on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission OFF at S616 (TH OFF is effectively a threshold for transitioning from on-demand to periodic OSI 20-2 provision). If, at S616, the measured utilisation level, U, is found to be greater than or equal to the utilisation threshold, TH OFF, then on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is switched OFF by the base station 5, at S618, and the base station 5 switches to using the periodic broadcast approach for the provision of OSI 20-2 at S620. Conversely, at S616, if the measured utilisation level, U, is found to be less than the utilisation threshold, TH OFF, then on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is kept ON by the base station 5 and the base station 5 continues to use the on-demand broadcast approach for the provision of OSI 20-2 at S612.
[0056]
The base station 5 will inform the UE(s) of the change in OSI 20-2 transmission type (e.g. as explained later) and the UEs can thus cease to send unnecessary requests for OSI 20-2. The use of an appropriately configured value of TH OFF for switching off on-demand OSI 20-2 can therefore reduce unnecessary signalling when periodic broadcast opportunity utilisation levels are high and resource saving benefits are therefore relatively low.
[0057]
Managing a Transition from Periodic OSI Transmission to On-Demand OSI Transmission
Figure 7 is a simplified flow chart illustrating part of a method for managing the transmission of system information 20, which may be performed by the base station 5 of Figure 1, in which on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is initially in the OFF state before being switched to the ON state. Figure 7 illustrates, in particular, a beneficial method in which the base station switches from periodic OSI 20-2 transmission based on a threshold, TH ON.
[0058]
As seen in Figure 7 at S710, minimum system information 20-1 is broadcast periodically in accordance with legacy procedures - this occurs throughout the illustrated process.
[0059]
On-demand OSI 20-2 transmission (broadcast in this example) is initially in the OFF state and so OSI 20-2 transmissions occur periodically at a periodicity configured appropriately in the base station 5, rather than at the request of UEs in the cell 9 of the base station 5, at S711. The base station 5 estimates the arrival rate,
[Math. 3]

of UEs requesting on-demand broadcast of OSI 20-2 at S712. This estimation may be carried out in a number of ways but, in the present example, is based on the result of a measurement of connection requests for certain service(s) over a period of time.
[0060]
The base station 5 configures, at S714, a value of periodicity, T (for on-demand OSI 20-2) with a maximum value that is less than or equal to a required latency on the delivery of on-demand OSI 20-2 for a given service/application/use case. The estimated value of arrival rate,
[Math. 4]

and the configured value of periodicity, T are used, at S716, to calculate an estimated utilisation,
[Math. 5]

of periodic transmission opportunities were the OSI 20-2 to be transmitted on-demand
[Math. 6]

where K is the number of transmissions of OSI 20-2 for a given OSI request (i.e. K=1 for a one-shot transmission of OSI 20-2). At S718 the estimated utilisation level,
[Math. 7]

of the periodic broadcast opportunities is compared to a utilisation threshold, TH ON, that is configured at the base station 5 for turning on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission ON (TH ON is effectively a threshold for transitioning from periodic OSI 20-2 provision to on-demand OSI 20-2 provision). If, at S718, the estimated utilisation level,
[Math. 8]

is found to be less than the utilisation threshold, TH ON, then on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is switched ON by the base station 5, at S720, and the base station 5 switches to using the on-demand broadcast approach for the provision of OSI 20-2 at S722. Conversely, at S718, if the estimated utilisation level,
[Math. 9]

is found to be greater than or equal to the utilisation threshold, TH ON, then on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is kept OFF by the base station 5 and the base station 5 continues to use the periodic broadcast approach for the provision of OSI 20-2 at S711.
[0061]
The base station 5 will inform the UE(s) of the change in OSI 20-2 transmission type (e.g. as explained later) and the UEs can thus begin to send requests for OSI 20-2. The use of an appropriately configured value of TH ON for switching on on-demand OSI 20-2 can therefore ensure that the resource saving benefits available, when periodic broadcast opportunity utilisation levels are relatively low, are achieved when the additional signalling required for making the OSI requests justifies it.
[0062]
Figure 8 is a simplified flow chart illustrating part of another method for managing the transmission of system information 20, which may be performed by the base station 5 of Figure 1, in which on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is initially in the OFF state before being switched to the ON state. Figure 8 illustrates, in particular, another beneficial method in which the base station switches from periodic OSI 20-2 transmission based on a threshold, TH ON.
[0063]
As seen in Figure 8 at S810, minimum system information 20-1 is broadcast periodically in accordance with legacy procedures - this occurs throughout the illustrated process.
[0064]
On-demand OSI 20-2 transmission (broadcast in this example) is initially in the OFF state and so OSI 20-2 transmissions occur periodically at a periodicity configured appropriately in the base station 5, rather than at the request of UEs in the cell 9 of the base station 5, at S811.
[0065]
When, S812, a predetermined number, N, of requests for on-demand transmission of OSI are received from UE(s) in a given period of time the base station 5 switches on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission ON by the base station 5, at S814. The base station 5 then measures the utilisation level, U, of the periodic broadcast opportunities at S816 and compares it to a utilisation threshold, TH ON, that is configured at the base station 5 for turning on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission ON at S818. If, at S818, the measured utilisation level, U, is found to be less than the utilisation threshold, TH ON, then on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is maintained in its ON state by the base station 5, and the base station 5 uses the on-demand OSI 20-2 broadcast approach for the provision of OSI 20-2 at S820. Conversely, at S818, if the measured utilisation level, U, is found to be greater than or equal to the utilisation threshold, TH ON, then on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is switched OFF by the base station 5, at S822, and the base station 5 proceeds to use the periodic broadcast approach for the provision of OSI 20-2 at S811.
[0066]
The base station 5 will inform the UE(s) of the change in OSI 20-2 transmission type (e.g. as explained later) and the UEs can thus begin to send requests for OSI 20-2. The use of an appropriately configured value of TH ON for switching on on-demand OSI 20-2 can therefore ensure that the resource saving benefits available, when periodic broadcast opportunity utilisation levels are relatively low, are achieved when the additional signalling required for making the OSI requests justifies it.
[0067]
Figure 9 is a simplified flow chart illustrating part of another method for managing the transmission of system information 20, which may be performed by the base station 5 of Figure 1, in which on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is initially in the OFF state before being switched to the ON state. Figure 9 illustrates, in particular, another beneficial method in which the base station switches from periodic OSI 20-2 transmission based on a threshold, TH ON. The method of Figure 9 is, in effect, a combination of the methods of Figure 7 and Figure 8.
[0068]
As seen in Figure 9 at S910, minimum system information 20-1 is broadcast periodically in accordance with legacy procedures - this occurs throughout the illustrated process.
[0069]
On-demand OSI 20-2 transmission (broadcast in this example) is initially in the OFF state and so OSI 20-2 transmissions occur periodically at a periodicity configured appropriately in the base station 5, rather than at the request of UEs in the cell 9 of the base station 5, at S911. The base station 5 estimates the arrival rate,
[Math. 10]

of UEs requesting on-demand broadcast of OSI 20-2 at S912. This estimation may be carried out in a number of ways but, in the present example, is based on the result of a measurement of connection requests for certain service(s) over a period of time.
[0070]
The base station 5 configures, at S914, a value of periodicity, T (for on-demand OSI 20-2) with a maximum value that is less than or equal to a required latency on the delivery of on-demand OSI 20-2 for a given service/application/use case. The estimated value of arrival rate,
[Math. 11]

and the configured value of periodicity, T are used, at S916, to calculate an estimated utilisation,
[Math. 12]

of periodic transmission opportunities were the OSI 20-2 to be transmitted on-demand
[Math. 13]

where K is the number of transmissions of OSI 20-2 for a given OSI request (i.e. K=1 for a one-shot transmission of OSI 20-2). At S918 the estimated utilisation level,
[Math. 14]

of the periodic broadcast opportunities is compared to a utilisation threshold, TH ON, that is configured at the base station 5 for turning on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission ON. If, at S918, the estimated utilisation level,
[Math. 15]

is found to be less than the utilisation threshold, TH ON, then on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is switched ON by the base station 5, at S920. Conversely, at S918, if the estimated utilisation level,
[Math. 16]

is found to be greater than or equal to the utilisation threshold, TH ON, then on-demand OSI 20-2 transmission is kept OFF by the base station 5 and the base station 5 continues to use the periodic broadcast approach for the provision of OSI 20-2 at S911.

Claims

[Claim 1]Communication apparatus for a telecommunication system, the communication apparatus comprising:
　　　　a controller and a transceiver;
　　　　wherein the controller is configured to:
　　　　　　control transmission of system information, by the transceiver, in at least one cell operated by the communication apparatus, using:
　　　　　　　　a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and
　　　　　　　　an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell;
　　　　　　determine a utilisation level representing an extent to which said on-demand transmission mode is being, or will be, utilised by the at least one communication device; and
　　　　　　switch, based on said determined utilisation level, between using said on-demand transmission mode, and not using said on-demand transmission mode, for transmitting at least a given part of said system information.
[Claim 2]
Communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to determine when to perform said switch based on a comparison of said determined utilisation level with at least one utilisation threshold.
[Claim 3]
Communication apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to determine:
(a) when to switch from using said on-demand transmission mode; to not using said on-demand transmission mode based on a comparison of said determined utilisation level with a first threshold (e.g. TH OFF); and
(b) when to switch from not using said on-demand transmission mode; to using said on-demand transmission mode based on a comparison of said determined utilisation level with a second threshold (e.g. TH ON).
[Claim 4]
Communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the controller is configured to determine said utilisation level based on a rate (e.g. an arrival rate) at which communication devices are, or will be, making requests for said at least a given part of said system information.
[Claim 5]
Communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the controller is configured to determine when to switch from using said on-demand transmission mode to not using said on-demand transmission mode based on a determined utilisation level that has been measured.
[Claim 6]
Communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the controller is configured to determine when to switch from not using said on-demand transmission mode to using said on-demand transmission mode based on at least one of: a determined utilisation level that has been measured; and a determined utilisation level that has been estimated.
[Claim 7]
Communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said controller is further configured to control the transceiver to inform the at least one communication device whether use of said on-demand transmission mode, for transmitting said at least a given part of said system information, is switched on or off.
[Claim 8]
Communication apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said controller is configured to control the transceiver to inform the at least one communication device whether use of said on-demand transmission mode is switched on or off for said at least a given part of said system information using at least one of:
another part of said system information; and
downlink control information (e.g. using a downlink control information (DCI) format).
[Claim 9]
Communication apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said controller is configured to control the transceiver:
to inform the at least one communication device that use of said on-demand transmission mode is switched on, for said at least a given part of said system information, by transmitting, to the at least one communication device, information identifying resources assigned for requesting said at least a given part of said system information; and
to inform the at least one communication device that use of said on-demand transmission mode is switched off, for said at least a given part of said system information, by not transmitting, to the at least one communication device, information identifying resources assigned for requesting said at least a given part of said system information.
[Claim 10]
Communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said controller is further configured to assign a first resource, for use by the at least one communication device to transmit requests for a first part of system information that is transmitted on-demand, and a second resource, for use by the at least one communication device to transmit requests for a second part of system information that is transmitted on-demand.
[Claim 11]
Communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said controller is further configured:
to control the transceiver to receive at least one request, for system information that is transmitted on-demand from at least one communication device; and
to determine what part of the system information should be transmitted responsive to the at least one request based on resources used by the at least one communication device making the request.
[Claim 12]
Communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said controller is further configured:
to control the transceiver to receive at least one request, for system information that is transmitted on-demand from at least one communication device; and
to determine what part of the system information should be transmitted responsive to the at least one request based on a timing of the request by the at least one communication device making the request.
[Claim 13]
Communication apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein, when using the on-demand transmission mode, the controller is configured to control the timing of transmissions of requested system information to coincide with transmission opportunities configured to occur at regular periodic intervals, wherein the requested system information is transmitted in at least one of said transmission opportunities following at least one request for that system information.
[Claim 14]
Communication apparatus according to claim 13 wherein, the controller is configured to configure at least one periodicity, for the regular periodic intervals between said transmission opportunities, to target a required utilisation level (e.g. as represented by an optimum utilisation threshold).
[Claim 15]
Communication apparatus according to claim 13 or 14 wherein, the controller is configured:
to configure a first periodicity, for the regular periodic intervals between said transmission opportunities, for transmission of system information to at least one communication device having a first latency requirement; and
to configure a second periodicity (different to said first periodicity), for the regular periodic intervals between said transmission opportunities, for transmission of system information to at least one communication device having a second latency requirement.
[Claim 16]
A communication device for a telecommunication system, the communication device comprising:
　　　　a controller and a transceiver;
　　　　wherein the controller is configured to:
　　　　　　control reception, by the transceiver, of system information transmitted in a cell by communication apparatus, wherein said system information is transmitted using at least one of:
　　　　　　　　a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and
　　　　　　　　an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell;
　　　　　　identifying what system information is required for which use of said on-demand transmission mode is switched on; and
　　　　　　control transmission, by the transceiver, of a request for the identified system information;
　　　　wherein the controller is configured to control the timing said request based on what system information has been identified as being required.
[Claim 17]
A communication device as claimed in claim 16 wherein the controller is configured to determine an interval to wait before repeating a request for the identified system information.
[Claim 18]
A communication device as claimed in claim 17 wherein the controller is configured to control the transceiver to receive information identifying a periodicity of transmission opportunities for transmission of system information on-demand, and wherein said interval is dependent on said periodicity.
[Claim 19]
A communication device as claimed in claim 18 wherein the controller is configured to identify for how many consecutive transmission opportunities an attempt should be made to decode system information for which a request has been transmitted; and wherein said interval is dependent on said periodicity.
[Claim 20]
A communication device as claimed in any of claims 16 to 19 wherein the controller is configured to determine whether use of said on-demand transmission mode is switched on for a given part of said system information implicitly based on whether resources have been assigned for requesting the given part of said system information.
[Claim 21]
Communication apparatus for a telecommunication system, the communication apparatus comprising:
　　　　a controller and a transceiver;
　　　　wherein the controller is configured to:
　　　　　　control transmission of system information, by the transceiver, in at least one cell operated by the communication apparatus, using:
　　　　　　　　a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and
　　　　　　　　an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell;
　　　　wherein, when using the on-demand transmission mode, the controller is configured to control a timing of transmissions of requested system information to coincide with transmission opportunities configured to occur at regular periodic intervals;
　　　　wherein the requested system information is transmitted in at least one of said transmission opportunities following at least one request for that system information; and
　　　　wherein, the controller is configured to configure at least one periodicity, for the regular periodic intervals between said transmission opportunities, to target a required utilisation level.
[Claim 22]
A method performed by a communication apparatus in a telecommunication system, the method comprising:
　　　　controlling transmission of system information in at least one cell operated by the communication apparatus, using:
　　　　　　a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and
　　　　　　an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell;
　　　　determining a utilisation level representing an extent to which said on-demand transmission mode is being, or will be, utilised by the at least one communication device; and
　　　　switching, based on said determined utilisation level, between using said on-demand transmission mode, and not using said on-demand transmission mode, for transmitting at least a given part of said system information.
[Claim 23]
A method performed by a communication device in a telecommunication system, the method comprising:
　　　　receiving system information transmitted in a cell, by a communication apparatus, wherein said system information is transmitted using at least one of:
　　　　　　a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and
　　　　　　an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell;
　　　　identifying what system information is required for which use of said on-demand transmission mode is switched on; and
　　　　transmitting a request for the identified system information, wherein said request is timed based on what system information has been identified as being required.
[Claim 24]
A method performed by a communication apparatus in a telecommunication system, the method comprising:
　　　　controlling transmission of system information, in at least one cell operated by the communication apparatus, using:
　　　　　　a periodic transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted at a regular periodic interval; and
　　　　　　an on-demand transmission mode in which at least part of said system information is transmitted, following a request for system information from at least one communication device in said cell;
　　　　when using the on-demand transmission mode, timing transmissions of requested system information to coincide with transmission opportunities configured to occur at regular periodic intervals;
　　　　transmitting the requested system information, in at least one of said transmission opportunities, following receipt of at least one request for that system information; and
　　　　configuring at least one periodicity, for the regular periodic intervals between said transmission opportunities, to target a required utilisation level.
[Claim 25]
A telecommunication system comprising communication apparatus according to claims 1 or 21 and a communication device according to claim 16.
[Claim 26]
A computer program readable storage media having instructions stored thereon which are operable to program a programmable processor to carry out a method according to any one of claims 22, 23 and 24 or to program a suitably adapted computer to provide communication apparatus according to claims 1 or 21 or a communication device according to claim 16.