METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A TEXTILE PRODUCT FROM TENDONS OR NERVES OF ANIMAL ORIGIN

FIELD

The field of the invention relates to the various steps in order to produce a textile fiber from nerves and / or tendons originating from meat products. In particular, the field of the invention relates more particularly to the preparation and use of these fibers in order to produce a textile component such as a yarn or a nonwoven web. In particular, the present invention relates to the textile field, technical and composite fabrics.

STATE OF THE ART

The use of animal by-products and plant fibers to produce textile products is known. However, these techniques require a long and delicate specific treatment. In fact, animal fibers originating from nerves and / or tendons are not homogeneous with one another. This poses a problem during their selection and sorting. In addition, they are extracted from an environment that is difficult to exploit, because other organic parts are difficult to separate.

One of the major problems is that they are in a humid environment as a result of their proximity to other organs and the presence of blood. It is therefore difficult to exploit these fibers quickly because of the long preparation steps, such as their drying in order to exploit them.

Despite the growing interest in renewable materials, these materials are struggling to compete with industrial textile products because of the difficulties in implementing these techniques.

There is a need to optimize the stages of treatment of these animal parts and in particular their drying. One opportunity is to obtain yarns which can be used in many sectors by virtue of the various properties of these fibers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.

According to a first aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing at least one wire comprising the following steps:

■ selection of at least one animal nerve or tendon;

■ operation to flatten at least one nerve or at least one tendon;

■ separation of at least one nerve or at least one tendon into at least two groups of first fibers to form at least one braid;

■ combing to separate the first fibers;

■ drying of the first fibers;

■ spinning of said first fibers.

The selection can also include ligaments. They are understood in the remainder of the description as tendons.

An advantage is to obtain a process allowing the use of animal fibers. The treatment is enabled in particular thanks to an efficient drying phase. This is because braiding makes it possible to save time in the drying operation.

In one embodiment, stretching of the braid is performed to extract an amount of moisture. This operation improves the moisture extraction phase. One advantage is to produce a longitudinal force on the braid in addition to the torsional force. These two efforts make it possible to efficiently extract a quantity of water relatively quickly.

According to one embodiment, the operation for flattening is rolling.

According to one embodiment, the manufacturing method comprises a step of cleaning the at least one nerve or the at least one selected tendon.

An advantage is to prepare the working steps of the fiber and reduce bacteriological development.

According to a manufacturing step, the rolling step is carried out by stamping or pressing or rolling.

One advantage is that it allows moisture to escape and initiates the separation of the fibers from one another. An advantage is to combine on the same single work support a transformation bench comprising

a press and a table which allows the alignment of the samples of the nerves and / or tendons.

According to one embodiment, the step of separating at least one nerve or at least one tendon is a fiber cutting operation.

According to one embodiment, the step of separating at least one nerve or at least one tendon comprises the formation of two groups with six groups of fibers to form a braid. Any braid comprising, for example, three groups, four groups or five groups of fibers can be produced.

According to one embodiment, the step of forming the braid is carried out by:

■ interlacing and overlapping of groups of fibers between themselves and / or;

■ knotting the groups of fibers at a plurality of points;

■ ligation from a linking element and / or;

■ interlacing of groups of fibers around a central core and / or,

■ joining and longitudinal twisting of the groups of fibers together.

According to some examples, the formation of a braid is carried out according to a combination of interlacing, knotting and twisting of the groups of fibers. In another embodiment, the fibers are distributed in torsion around a central core.

According to an alternative embodiment, the stretching of said braid is carried out to extract a quantity of residual moisture. Advantageously, the fibers separate from each other and align themselves to prepare for the combing phase.

According to one embodiment, the combing step comprises at least one passage between the teeth of at least one comb. The advantage is to obtain a better sorting of the fibers and a first selection according to their dimensions and their aspects.

According to one embodiment, the step of mixing said first fibers is carried out consecutively to the drying of the first fibers with the second fibers. The advantage is to enhance the diversity potential of fibers and natural colors in relation to the management of various sources.

According to one embodiment, the animal fibers are coupled with second fibers of the type:

■ vegetable fibers and / or;

■ artificial fibers and / or;

■ synthetic fibers,

■ etc.

The advantage is to be able to extend the mechanical and functional qualities from the same base of fibers originating from the nerves and / or tendons.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to a yarn comprising animal fibers. According to another aspect, the invention relates to a hybrid yarn comprising a first proportion of first fibers and a second proportion of vegetable fibers. According to one aspect, the invention relates to a yarn comprising a first proportion of first fibers and a second proportion of artificial fibers obtained from a natural product. According to one aspect, the invention relates to a synthetic yarn comprising a first proportion of first fibers and a second proportion of inorganic or organic synthetic fibers, said fibers being obtained from a chemically transformed product. According to one aspect, the invention relates to a technical yarn comprising a first proportion of first fibers and a second proportion of fibers.

One advantage is to produce a range of yarn designed from fibers composed of distinct physical qualities and from renewable resources.

One advantage is to produce a range of technical yarns designed from fibers with distinct mechanical and aesthetic qualities.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a textile element from the yarns produced according to an embodiment of the invention. The manufacture of a textile element includes different methods of

design which can be achieved through a weaving and / or sewing and / or embroidery step.

According to one aspect, the invention relates to a method comprising a combination or an assembly of threads with a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix. The advantage is to be able to offer a textile element or a composite product with a low environmental impact.

According to a second assembly, a three-dimensional surface comprises a plurality of threads combined with a thermoplastic or thermosetting material. One advantage is the production of composite products from bio-based materials or to produce eco-designed products.

In an alternative embodiment, the fabric obtained from nerve and / or tendon fibers cooperates with a sheet or panel, preferably thermoplastic or thermosetting.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a product and / or textile component based on animal tendons or nerve comprising the following steps: A) Pressing or striking an animal tendon or nerve in order to make it dish. B) Cutting the fibers by separating them into large pieces then braiding them to form a braid of fibers. C) Extract moisture from the fibers. D) Stretching of the braid then combing in order to separate the fibers. E) Drying. F) Spinning. G) The manufacture of a textile product from the filaments obtained.

According to one embodiment, the method comprises, before step A) a step of extracting the tendon, the nerve of the animal, then cleaning and purification.

According to one embodiment, step C) of extracting the humidity is carried out at room temperature.

According to one embodiment, step C) of extracting the humidity is carried out with a humidity extractor.

According to one embodiment, the combing step D) is carried out with a comb comprising finer and finer teeth in order to obtain finer and finer fibers.

According to one embodiment, the spinning step F) is carried out with a textile spinning mill.

According to one embodiment, step G) is carried out with a loom.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a textile fabric and / or a component of textile fabric based on yarn derived from tendon fibers or nerves of animal origin in that it comprises the following steps :

■ separating the fibers into large pieces and then braiding them to form a braid of fibers;

■ dehumidification;

■ stretching of the braid;

■ drying;

■ spinning;

■ mixing of yarns of raw materials,

■ the manufacture of a textile fabric in a loom.

According to one embodiment, the step of separating the fibers is carried out by separating them into large pieces and then by braiding them to form braids of fibers.

According to one embodiment, the dehumidification step is carried out with an ambient air dehumidifier.

According to one embodiment, the step of drawing the braid is carried out by pulling the braid on each side in order to extend this braid as far as possible.

According to one embodiment, the drying step is carried out with a moisture extractor and rapid dryer.

According to one embodiment, the spinning step is carried out so as to stretch and refine the yarns to obtain a single long and fine yarn which will subsequently be wound up.

According to one embodiment, the mixing step uses different strands of raw material. For example, the textile product is mixed with other textile yarns from another material, such as silk, wool, cotton, etc.

According to one embodiment, the weaving step G) is carried out with a loom carrying out the interweaving of the threads in order to design a product “said” textile fabric.

According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method of operation, and use of the invention in textiles, textile materials, textile spinning, textile production, textile loom, textile fabric, textile manufacture, textile use, textile weaves and textile transformation of animal tendon and / or nerve.

According to one embodiment, the pressing or striking of the animal tendon and / or nerve material allows the flattening of the raw material which is the tendon or the nerve.

According to one embodiment, a cutting and braiding operation is performed. This embodiment is also characterized by the detachment or detachment of the fibers or filaments pressed or struck in order to separate the fibers or filament of the tendon, nerve, animal.

According to one embodiment, an operation for extracting moisture, drying or wiping the fibers or filament cut and braided, or not braided, pressed or struck.

According to one embodiment, a combing operation or any other designation of process aimed at separating the fibers or thick filaments or stuck in the state of fine fibers, fine filaments, microfibers.

According to one embodiment, a drying or dehumidifying operation making it possible to make the fiber or filaments dry while keeping the flexibility and rigidity of the fibers or filaments.

According to a textile spinning use of this invention characterized by a dehumidified, flexible and at the same time rigid fibrous and filamentary material.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the detailed description which follows, with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate:

■ Figure 1: a perspective view of a step of pressing or rapping according to one embodiment of the invention;

■ Figure 2: a perspective view of a braid of one embodiment of the invention;

■ Figure 3: a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention the braiding of the filaments and clamping means;

■ figure 4: a sequential view of the steps for selecting fibers from the combs,

■ FIG 5: different steps of an embodiment of the inventive method.

DESCRIPTION

Definitions

In the description, the terms “yarn” or “filament” are used interchangeably to denote the yarn obtained by the process of the invention.

However, the yarn produced when it is thin enough can also be referred to as "textile fiber" or "fiber". Thus, the context of the description of the method makes it possible to understand without ambiguity at what stage of treatment of an animal nerve or tendon one is at.

In the description, the term “tendon” groups together said tendons and ligaments without distinction. It is specified that the tendon connects a muscle to one or more bones, while the ligament ensures the union of two bones. Despite this distinct specialization, both are made up of the same types of collagen-based fibers transformed by the process.

In the remainder of the description, a “textile element” will be understood: a portion of threads assembled together by any technique of sewing, weaving, embroidery, meshing, etc. The term “textile product, textile element or quite simply textile product” will be understood to mean such a portion, or even any item of clothing or linen.

The term “natural product” or product found in nature will be understood.

Selection of tendons or nerves

According to one embodiment, the step of selecting, denoted SELEC or Ao in FIG. 5, of at least one nerve or one animal tendon or ligament comprises the identification of the nerves and / or tendons from a set of meat products. .

According to one example, the selection step comprises separating the tendons from the nerves. A first group of nerves and a second group of tendons and ligaments are created.

According to one embodiment, the selection is made according to their size, such as their length or their diameter.

Lamination

The method of the invention comprises a step carried out to extend the tendons and / or the nerves, denoted LAMIN or step A in FIG. 5. This step is also called in the remainder of the description the rolling step. In addition, it makes it possible to flatten or flatten said nerves and / or tendons. By rolling of an organic material, such as a tendon or a nerve 2, is meant a step similar to that for treating the metal insofar as the nerves and / or tendons take a longitudinal shape, preferably flattened or flattened. , but not necessarily.

The rolling phase can be carried out before or after the separation or selection step. This phase is carried out by a device for rolling 1, or called a "rolling device" 1. According to one embodiment, the rolling device 1 is a press. According to one embodiment, the rolling device 1 is a transformation bench comprising a press 1 and a table 1 A.

According to another embodiment, the nerves or tendons 2 are flattened from a compression during their conveyance between two counter-rotating rolls such as a rolling mill. The process produces laminated nerves and / or tendons 3 or flattened nerves and / or tendons 3.

According to an operating variant, the temperature of the rolls can be controlled.

According to another complementary variant, the nerves and / or tendons are preheated to a temperature between 20 and 95 °. For example, the nerves or tendons will be brought to a temperature of 70 ° before their pressing.

According to one embodiment, the pressurization of the nerves or tendons is carried out using a mechanical or hydraulic press.

For example, the force applied by the screw press may vary between 150 and 300 kN, which corresponds to pressures of 4 to 8 MPa. With the hydraulic press, a cylinder feed oil pressure of 8 to 30 MPa is offered.

With the use of a single-acting piston having a diameter of 100 mm and a pressing cage with a diameter of 215 mm, the pressure applied to the nerves and / or tendons can vary between 6.5 and 7 MPa.

Separation

According to an exemplary embodiment, the tendons and / or nerves are separated into different groups according to their diameter. FIG. 5 represents this step denoted SEPAR also Bi. According to one example, the tendons and / or nerves are grouped together in a first group whose diameter is between 0.01 cm and 0.3 cm and a second group whose diameter is greater than 0.3 cm.

According to an alternative embodiment, the tendons and / or nerves are separated into different groups from a variety of animal species. According to one example, the tendons or nerves 1 are grouped together in a first group of rabbit tendons and / or nerves and a second group of sheep tendons and / or nerves.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the tendons and / or nerves 1 are separated into different groups according to their mechanical property of resistance, and their optical and texture properties. According to one example, the tendons and / or nerves are grouped together in a color chart.

Grouping into fiber bundles

According to one embodiment, the fibers are grouped together within at least one bundle and held with at least one restraining means. This step is denoted GROUP or step B2 in FIG. 5. Steps B1 and B2 can be grouped together in the same step denoted B in other embodiments described in the present application.

According to one example, the fibers are clamped with a string, a thong, a cable tie or a ring.

According to one embodiment, the groups of tendons and / or nerves formed are held by means of at least one clamping element 5. According to one example, different clamping elements are arranged at different positions along the bundle of fibers 4. According to an exemplary case, the clamping element is an elastic ring.

One of the advantages is to keep the fibers all parallel to each other. Another advantage is to avoid the dispersion of the fibers during the braiding step. Another advantage is that it allows groups of fibers that are homogeneous in diameter to be formed. It is also of interest to organize storage or a reserve that can be used later.

Braiding

According to one embodiment of the invention, a step aimed at forming a braid 7 is performed. This step is denoted TRESS or step B3 in FIG. 5. Steps B1, B2 and B3 can be combined in one and the same step denoted B in other embodiments described in the present application.

In this case, a bundle of fibers is interlaced with another bundle of different diameters.

According to an example of implementation, the braid 7 is produced from an interlacing of three bundles of fibers and the tightening by holding means 6.

An advantage is the realization of braid 7 with a geometry in space optimized for storage and dehumidification. Another advantage consists in facilitating their handling by operators or automatons.

According to one embodiment, the braid is composed by the intersection of three bundles of fibers of different diameters.

According to one variant, the braid is made from 6 strands in order to produce a tubular braid.

According to an alternative embodiment, the bundle of fibers is connected at its end with a cable. According to one example, the braid 7 is connected to a cable from a node.

One of the advantages is to concentrate and densify the fibers in a drying space. Another advantage is to promote the physical capillary effects to improve the evacuation of humidity. Another advantage is also to control the progressiveness of the drying of the fibers over a period.

Moisture extraction

According to one embodiment, a moisture extraction step is carried out. It is denoted EXTRAC or step C in FIG. 5. This may be a step prolonging the formation of braiding which makes it possible to extract a quantity of moisture. In fact, the twisting of the braided groups of fibers makes it possible to significantly improve the extraction of moisture from the fibers. This step can be seen as an extension of the previous braiding step or be viewed as a step as such.

According to another embodiment, the extraction of moisture from the braid can be carried out by placing the braids on a support and leaving the braids at room temperature. A higher temperature setting can be configured to decrease drying time while maintaining fiber integrity.

According to another embodiment, the extraction of moisture from the braid is carried out using a moisture extractor.

These different embodiments can be combined in order to configure optimal moisture extraction.

This operation can be combined with a subsequent drying operation carried out after combing in order to obtain treated fibers ready to be spun.

Drawing

In addition, a step of drawing the fibers or the braid 7 is carried out to pre-stress the fibers in order to reinforce the capillary tensions and to extract part of the moisture. Another advantage is to maximize the distribution of humidity over the entire total length of the braid 7. This optional step is denoted ETIRA or step Di in FIG. 5. This step makes it possible in particular to stretch said braid 7. to extract a quantity of moisture.

Combing

After a step of unwinding the braids, the fiber bundles are combed to be untangled and ventilated. This step separates the first fibers. This step is denoted PEIGN or step D2 in FIG. 5.

Steps D1 and D2 can be grouped together in the same step denoted D in other embodiments described in the present application.

According to one embodiment, the bundles of fibers are passed through a succession of increasingly fine combs in order to select the finest fibers 8a; 8b; 8c or remove the shortest fibers and the last impurities.

The fibers obtained 8d are then carded and drawn and then transformed into rovings. The diameter of the wires selected is chosen from a range between 0.001 mm and 1 mm.

According to another embodiment of the process, according to a variant of the process, the combing stage will be exploited in order to make mixtures of

materials or colors. According to another example of implementation, at least one natural plant fiber or one artificial or synthetic fiber will be combined with at least one fiber originating from the nerves or tendons. An advantage is to strengthen the preparation for drying with fibers with complementary functional characteristics to prepare the following steps. According to one embodiment, the fibers will be hydrophobic to increase capillary transmissions. In another embodiment, the fiber will be bactericidal with copper or silver fiber.

Drying

According to a first embodiment, the fibers are dried during storage time in the open air. This step is denoted SECH or step E) in Figure 5.

According to a second embodiment, the fibers are stored in bundles and dried in a storage environment provided with an ambient air dehumidifier.

According to another embodiment, the selected and combed fibers are previously stored in a desiccation chamber in order to finalize the drying of the fibers or to control the hygroscopic content according to the final applications.

According to a variant of the process, the drying is carried out in a desiccation chamber equipped with a heating body and moisture absorption.

For example, the temperature in the chamber can thus be raised to 50 °.

An advantage is to speed up or better control the hygroscopic values ​​ideal for spinning or intermediate storage

Spinning

The method of the invention comprises a spinning step in order to produce one or a plurality of threads from the treated fibers. This step is denoted FILAG or step F) in FIG. 5.

In one embodiment, the spinning step comprises assembling a plurality of fibers to form a single yarn. The assembly can be carried out using various known spinning techniques. For example, the fibers can be rolled together to form a twist piercing a single wire element.

The fibers obtained after combing and / or drying, for example, made integral or linked from a binder in order to obtain a continuous and resistant yarn. The diameter of the wire can be determined, for example, in a range between 100 microns and 1 millimeter, depending on its intended end use.

According to an exemplary embodiment, the fibers may overlap over portions of their length so as to overlap longitudinally. This operation can be repeated over a length chosen so as to obtain a given length of wire.

The physical characteristics are determined according to the animal origin of the nerves or tendons, their preparation. The assembly of the fibers together can be configured in mass, length, twist, etc. to vary technical characteristics such as elasticity, resistance and / or aesthetic characteristics such as the desired visual appearance.

According to an alternative embodiment, a step of mixing fibers is carried out during spinning by combining fibers resulting from the process with fibers which may be of animal, plant, artificial or synthetic organic or mineral origin.

Among the natural plant fibers, the invention can be combined with fibers of the type: Abaca; Hemp; Coir; Cotton; Genet; Gucca; Jute; Kapok; Kenaf; Latex; Lin; Manila; Nettle; Straw ; Piria; Ramie; Raffia; Sisal, Kelp.

Among the natural animal fibers, the invention can be combined with fibers of the type:

• fibers derived from hair, such as hair from:

■ Alpaca (Lama);

■ Angora (Angora rabbit);

■ Cashmere (Cashmere Goat);

■ Camel;

■ Wool (Sheep);

■ Mohair (Angora goat);

■ Vicuna,

■ Yack.

• Fibers from secretions, such as secretions from:

■ Spider threads;

■ Silk;

■ Byssus of the great mother-of-pearl, called marine silk or fish wool.

Among organic synthetic fibers, the invention can be combined with fibers of the type:

■ Polylactic acid;

■ Polyamide;

■ Polyester;

■ Chlorofiber;

■ Acrylic;

■ Modacrylic;

■ Vinyl;

■ Elastodiene, Vinylal;

■ Elastane

■ Aramid;

■ Polybenzimidazole (PBI)

■ Polypropylene;

■ Polyethylene;

■ Polyphenolic;

■ Polyurea, Polyurethane,

■ Textilene.

Among the inorganic or mineral synthetic fibers, the invention can be combined with fibers of the type:

■ Fiberglass;

■ Ceramic: silicon carbide;

■ Metal fibers: gold, silver, copper, aluminum;

■ Carbon fiber,

■ Boron fiber.

One advantage is to extend the physical and functional characteristics of the produced yarn or the final textile product. Another advantage is the improvement in the environmental impact of the yarn obtained from a combination of fibers from different sources.

Another functional interest is envisaged for an application in the field of composite textiles with the reliability of the anchoring of a fiber and a thermosetting or thermoplastic matrix.

Another advantage consists in improving the resistance of the fiber to humidity or modifying its aging profile.

According to another embodiment, the number and the alignment of the threads obtained are determined in order to be introduced into woven, braided or sewn structures. The yarns thus obtained can be yarns obtained exclusively from animal fibers or from mixed fibers.

According to another embodiment, the spinning product is dimensioned in order to produce mixed fibers made from a mixture of thermoplastic fibers such as PEEK, PPS, Polypropylene Polyamide or others, and reinforcing fibers originating from the nerves or tendons 2. During the final implementation, the thermoplastic fibers are then melted to form a matrix.

According to one variant, the thermoplastic or thermosetting material intended to form a matrix holding the animal or mixed yarns is in the form of a sheet supporting a given arrangement of the yarns.

According to a variant of the process, a surface treatment of the fibers with the addition of a binding agent is carried out at the exit of the spinning. This operation makes it possible, for example, to ensure better cohesion of the threads between them, or to improve the physicochemical bond of the subsequent impregnation system with a resin, for example thermosetting, or any other matrix.

According to one embodiment, the invention derives its raw material from animal tendon and / or nerve 2. It is the transformation of these natural tendons and / or nerves into fibers or coarse or fine filaments which allow the production of textile products. According to different embodiments or productions of a textile product, the invention makes it possible to obtain textile materials, textile fabrics, textile components. One interest is to obtain a variety of uses for the textile spinning mills obtained by the process of the invention. For example the use of a loom, and / or any other designs offering various uses of the textile obtained from the invention.

The invention is obtained from all types of tendon or nerve of all types of different animals provided that these animals have tendons and / or nerves 2. The object of the invention is to improve the textile industry by y providing a fiber or filament of animal origin available in textile materials and product, for use in textile spinning, in textile fabric, in various components, in various textile materials, in textile design, in textile raw materials, in textile production and marketing in textile industrial component.

This invention is in addition to other natural fibers used in the textile industry today. It sets itself apart by its originality and its ability to obtain textile micro-fibers for textile use, which can be used in any form of material and textile product as well as for any industrial textile use.

The embodiment of this invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described and shown, but those skilled in the art will know how to make any variant in accordance with their spirit.

This invention comprises several steps. FIG. 1 shows in particular step 2. This step comprises, for example, a pressing or a striking of the fibers. FIG. 2 represents the result of step 2. This is a detail or detachment of the fibers 3. FIG. 3 represents the result of step 3 after the braiding of the detailed filaments. FIG. 4 represents the variation of the various proportions of the fiber ranging from thick fiber to a fine filament, then into fibers having a diameter of the order of a micron, and / or a few tens of microns.

Among these steps, some can be accelerated or can be eliminated or even modified. The transformation and use of this raw material, which are the tendon or the animal nerve 2 into fibers or filaments, offer a practical use to obtain various products or materials, in textile raw materials, in textile fibers or filaments. . This allows a new use of textile productions. Use with a loom or a diverse and varied design, such as exploitation and / or production of a textile nature, can be implemented by the invention.

The steps described below represent an embodiment of the invention.

Step 1: The purification of the raw material.

Tendons, nerves, or other animal muscle fibers. The tendon, the animal nerve is extracted from the body of the animal. It will then be cleaned and purified. We can also get these tendons, nerve, already extracted and cleaned.

Step 2: Pressing or knocking.

The tendon is then pressed, struck, propped up in order to make it flat and fibrous this step allows the tendon fibers to unhook between them.

Step 3: Cutting and braiding.

The fibers being unhooked thanks to step 2 we are going to cut these fibers by separating them into large pieces then braid these fibers to obtain a braid.

Step 4: Moisture extraction.

Moisture extraction is a crucial step, this extraction is done slowly by drying the braided fiber at room temperature, or using a humidity extractor which is set at the ideal temperature in order to have drying.

This dehumidification phase allows the fibers and filaments to be dried without hardening them.

Step 5: Combing

When the fiber has lost much of its moisture, the fiber is combed.

This step consists of stretching the fibrous braids and then combing them with a machine made up of increasingly tight teeth.

The operation allows the gradual extraction of fibers, the smallest diameter of which will be of the order of a micron.

Step 6: Second and last drying step.

This last step extracts all the residual moisture stored in each fiber.

Step 7: The spinning. This step allows the fibers to be used in textile spinning, in the same way as silk, wool, cotton, etc.

All of these steps can be used in different ways, the machines and devices used in these steps may change over time.

According to one embodiment, the invention relates to fibers or filaments of animal origin. This fiber or filament is extracted from all types of tendon and / or nerve, animal regardless of the parts where this tendon or nerve is located on the animal in order to obtain fibers and filaments after transformation of these tendons or nerve animal allowing to obtain in a yield of fibers or filaments for textile uses, textile materials, textile products, textile fabrics and textile component, textile spinning mills, looms or any other diverse textile design. The invention is the transformation of tendon or animal nerve into fibers and filaments subsequently allowing a variation in various products and textile materials, textile fabric, uses of textile mills or other production and creation thanks to this invention. Any variation of tendon, animal nerve in textile in textile materials, textile product, component, textile spinning mills, textile fabrics, textile use, production and marketing of a textile nature and other various production of textile materials relates to this invention.

CLAIMS

1. A method of manufacturing a wire comprising the following steps:

■ selection (Ao) of at least one animal nerve and / or tendon (2);

■ flattening or rolling (A) of at least one nerve or at least one tendon (2);

■ separation (Bi, B) of at least one nerve or at least one tendon (2) into at least two groups of first fibers to form at least one braid;

■ combing (D2, D) to separate the first fibers;

■ drying (E) of the first fibers;

■ spinning (F) of said first fibers.

2. Manufacturing process according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:

■ a step of cleaning the at least one nerve or at least one selected tendon.

3. Manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the rolling step is carried out by stamping or pressing or rolling.

4. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the step of separating the at least one nerve or at least one tendon is a fiber cutting operation.

5. Manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the step of separating at least one nerve or at least one tendon comprises:

■ forming two groups of fibers to form a braid and / or;

■ forming three groups of fibers to form a braid and / or;

■ forming four groups of fibers to form a braid and / or;

■ forming five groups of fibers to form a braid and / or;

■ forming six groups of fibers to form a braid.

6. Manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the step of forming the braid is carried out by:

■ Interlacing and overlapping of groups of fibers between them and / or;

■ Tying of groups of fibers at a plurality of points;

■ Ligation from a connecting element and / or;

■ Interweaving of groups of fibers around a central core and / or,

■ Coupling and longitudinal torsion of groups of fibers together.

7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a stretching step (Di) of said braid to extract a quantity of residual moisture;

8. Manufacturing process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the combing step:

■ is preceded by a de-braiding step, and / or;

■ comprises at least one passage between the teeth of at least one comb.

9. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the method comprises a step of mixing said first fibers after drying the first fibers with second fibers, said second fibers being of the type:

■ vegetable fibers and / or;

■ artificial fibers and / or;

■ synthetic fibers,

■ etc.

10. A method of manufacturing a textile element, characterized in that it comprises a step of weaving, sewing, or embroidery of threads obtained according to the method of any one of claims 1 to

9.

1 1. A method of manufacturing a textile element, characterized in that it comprises on the one hand a combination or an assembly of son obtained according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 and on the other hand a thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix, said matrix exerting a holding force of the assembly or of the combination of said threads.

12. Yarn obtained from the method according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1 characterized in that it forms:

■ a homogeneous yarn comprising animal fibers or;

■ a hybrid yarn comprising a first proportion of first fibers and a second proportion of vegetable fibers, or;

■ an artificial yarn comprising a first proportion of first fibers and a second proportion of artificial fibers obtained from a natural product or;

■ a synthetic yarn comprising a first proportion of first fibers and a second proportion of inorganic or organic synthetic fibers, said fibers being obtained from a chemically transformed product or;

■ a technical yarn comprising a first proportion of first fibers and a second proportion of fibers.

13. A textile product comprising a first assembly of a plurality of threads according to claim 12.

14. A surface comprising a second assembly of a plurality of son according to claim 12 with a thermoplastic or thermosetting material.

15. Three-dimensional surface according to claim 14, characterized in that the thermoplastic or thermosetting material is in the form:

■ a sheet;

a plurality of threads forming a non-collinear mesh with the threads of the second assembly.