Commercial and Strategic Perspective Use of Patents in Tech Business Purpose Role of Patents Funding & Valuation Startups leverage IP for investor confidence and due diligence Licensing Revenue Tech giants monetize via FRAND licensing or cross-licensing Defensive Strategy Patent portfolios deter litigation and secure negotiation leverage Exit/Acquisition Strategy Patent-rich companies attract higher acquisition offers Case Study: Google acquired Motorola Mobility in 2011 primarily for its patent portfolio, valued at over $5.5 billion in IP alone.

Licensing & Monetization Opportunities Spot emerging companies or industries potentially using your IP Initiate royalty discussions, licensing, or cross-licensing negotiations Assert your rights more confidently in court or settlement Real-World Use Cases Company Strategy Enabled by Patent Watch Qualcomm Licensing mobile chip technology by tracking global players Infosys Avoiding patent thickets in U.S. fintech space Dr.

"Patent troll" is an informal term used to describe non-practicing entities (NPEs) — individuals or companies that do not make, use, or sell products or services based on their patents, but rather enforce patents solely to extract licensing fees or litigation settlements.

Common Reasons for Changing Your Patent Agent Reason Impact Poor technical drafting or FER responses Risk of refusal or weak claims Communication delays Missed deadlines or client dissatisfaction Lack of transparency on timelines/fees Compliance issues or financial uncertainty Business model shift (e.g., moving from India-only to global filings) Need for specialized global IP counsel Merger or acquisition of client company New counsel preferred by new management Loss of trust, breach of confidentiality Legal risk and immediate termination required Step-by-Step Process to Change Patent Agent Step 1: Revoke Previous Authorization While Indian law does not mandate a formal revocation document, it is best practice to notify the outgoing patent agent in writing and document the revocation for internal records.

Example: A combination of insulin + EDTA + Omega-3 + protease inhibitor that improves oral delivery beyond what each component offers alone = synergy Business Impact: Why This Matters For Pharma & Life Sciences Companies: Section 3(e) rejections can delay critical product launches.

Business Impact: Why This Matters 💰 For Pharma & Life Sciences Companies: Section 3(e) rejections can delay critical product launches.

Examples: Company logos (e.g., Nike’s swoosh), brand names (e.g., Apple), slogans (e.g., “Just Do It”), and product packaging.

Strategic Considerations for Startups & Companies Issue Position under Indian Law Can companies use Sec. 115BBF?

Due Diligence and Investment Intelligence Investors and M&A teams can validate the patent activity of startups or companies by referencing the journal entries and verifying granted claims.

Startups, pharma, biotech, and tech companies should make opposition strategy part of their overall patent lifecycle planning.